No one speaks with perfect fluency all the time. Everyone occasionally says “um”  or “like,”  repeats a word, or pauses to find the right one. These normal disfluencies differ from stuttering , where interruptions in speech occur more frequently and can impact communication, confidence, and emotional well-being. For people who stutter, these moments can bring feelings of loss of control, frustration, shame, or even trauma. For some, stuttering resolves in childhood; for other