David Alpuche is a person who stutters (PWS) and is no stranger to the stuttering community or the National Stuttering Association (NSA). After delivering a deeply motivating storyteller speech at last year’s Annual Conference in St. Louis and recently interviewing José Ralat about his stuttering and career journey, he is now coming out with a book, 1000 Answers: What Everyone Should Know About Stuttering. This book’s roots trace back to the NSA Dallas Chapter, where he was a Chapter Leader. The Chapter frequently hosted panels for university students, where professors would send a list of 20 to 40 questions from students. However, with the panels lasting only around an hour, only 5 to 7 questions could be discussed. David says he always felt there was more they could do for the students, which sparked the idea for the book. Finding the Inspiration As David puts it, it's essentially a giant FAQ about stuttering, featuring input from people from all over the world. For him, the goal of this book was twofold: “I began to notice that students (future SLPs) asked us the same questions year after year,” says David. “One day, I began documenting them and writing brief stories about each. Once I thought I had answered all of them, I began interviewing people from around the world and asking them those questions because I knew that stuttering is a very subjective experience. “The second goal was to provide a guide for people who stutter themselves. When I was growing up, I had many questions that nobody around me knew how to answer, and having a book like this would have made me feel less alone. The stuttering community talks about ‘the journey,’ but I feel we lacked a map. So I wrote one!” Book Writing: A Journey Through Time David found that answering these questions wasn’t necessarily difficult, but the process of reflecting on his past was eye-opening. “It forced me to go back in time and put my feelings into words. Looking at memories 10-20 years later allows you to contextualize and see things more objectively, and that was very therapeutic for me.” One fascinating and heartbreaking question for him was, "What's the craziest thing you have tried to eliminate your stuttering?" David found the answers differed vastly depending on countries and cultures. When asked how long it took him to complete the book, David quoted Stephen Pressfield: "It's not the writing part that's hard. What's hard is sitting down to write.” He conceptualized the idea and started collecting the questions around 2016 but didn't start writing until 2020 when the COVID-19 pandemic forced him to find creative ways to stay sane. He finished a first draft by mid-2023 and started sharing it with the stuttering community for feedback and suggestions. The final touches were made in December 2024. Fighting Stuttering Myths with Facts Despite the many myths surrounding stuttering, David believes that education and openness are the keys to breaking down misinformation. One of the greatest gifts of the stuttering community, he says, is validation. David believes his younger self would be awestruck by how many people he now knows because of his stuttering and his newfound love for public speaking. Growing up, he felt isolated, but everything changed when he discovered the NSA. He describes stuttering as “the key to the most incredible community in the world.” “I didn’t meet another person who stuttered until I was almost 30. For years, I had memories and experiences I never shared. When I started attending NSA meetings, one of the strangest yet most powerful feelings was hearing my own thoughts come from someone else’s mouth. That ‘Oh, you too?!’ moment was liberating.” David hopes the book gives readers an immersive look into the lives of people who stutter. “From the outside, it's easy to think that stuttering is just repeating sounds or having blocks, but very few people understand how having trouble speaking affects everything. From introductions to relationships, phone calls to job interviews, stuttering is always on our minds, shaping us profoundly. I want people to understand us.” After all, stuttering can be disconcerting and uncomfortable for PWS. It can lead to embarrassment, anxiety about speaking, and a fear of stuttering itself. Changing Public Perception of Stuttering When asked about the next big step in improving public understanding of stuttering, David’s answer is simple: openness. “We need more people stuttering openly in the world to see it as normal and combat the ‘I overcame my stuttering’ narrative that has been around us for decades. I want to see people who stutter on TV and in movies being great communicators. At the Annual NSA Conferences, I have met brilliant people, and I know that the fact that they stutter is the least interesting aspect of them. We need to let people hear what we have to say without fear.” His hope is that 1000 Answers provides the guidance and encouragement he wished he had growing up. “Whether you’re a person who stutters or a professional working with us, I hope this book helps you feel more knowledgeable and prepared to take on whatever challenges come your way.” Get David Alpuche's New Release Buy David’s book now on Amazon, Bookshop.org, or Barnes & Noble for $19.95 USD (excluding tax). For information and resources about stuttering, visit the NSA website at WeStutter.org.

At the National Stuttering Association (NSA), we celebrate stories that uplift and inspire individuals who stutter and their families. Today, we're thrilled to spotlight Zoya: The Stuttering Star, a delightful and empowering children’s book written by high school student Sathvega Somasundaram. This fictional tale, inspired by Sathvega’s personal experiences as a person who stutters, carries an inspiring message of self-acceptance, courage, and embracing what makes us unique. Meet Zoya, the Stuttering Superhero In the magical town of Whimsywood, a young girl named Zoya dreams of becoming a superhero. However, she faces challenges because of her stutter, which makes her feel different from others. Despite the teasing from her peers, Zoya discovers an extraordinary superpower—her stutter sparks magic! When Zoya courageously stands up to bullies, her words unleash powerful magic, proving to everyone in her town that her stutter is not a weakness but a strength. Nicknamed "The Stuttering Star," Zoya uses her newfound power to help and inspire others, showing them that differences are what make us extraordinary. Through Zoya’s journey, young readers learn an invaluable lesson: being different isn’t something to hide—it’s something to celebrate. About the Author of this children's book: Sathvega Somasundaram Sathvega Somasundaram is not just a budding author but also a passionate advocate for understanding and self-acceptance. As a high school student and person who stutters, Sathvega wrote Zoya: The Stuttering Star to address the misconceptions around stuttering and encourage young readers to embrace their uniqueness. Her personal experiences have shaped this story, making it a heartfelt representation of the challenges and triumphs faced by children who stutter. By creating Zoya, Sathvega hopes to inspire children to find their own “superpower” and to stand tall in the face of adversity. Why This Book Matters Representation is crucial, especially for children who are navigating their identity and self-esteem. Zoya: The Stuttering Star gives young readers—particularly those who stutter—a hero they can see themselves in. The story beautifully demonstrates that stuttering is not a limitation; instead, it’s part of what makes someone special. For parents, educators, and speech-language pathologists, this book is yet another tool to foster conversations about empathy, kindness, and inclusion. It encourages young readers to view differences as strengths, making it an excellent addition to any classroom or home library. Where to Find the Book Zoya: The Stuttering Star is available on Amazon. Whether you're looking for a meaningful story to share with a child, a resource to discuss stuttering, or simply a magical tale about finding strength in uniqueness, this book is a must-read. Join Us in Celebrating Zoya The NSA is proud to feature inspiring works like Zoya: The Stuttering Star, which amplify the voices of individuals who stutter and promote understanding and inclusion. We invite you to explore this incredible story and share it with the young readers in your life. Together, let’s continue to foster a world where every individual feels empowered to embrace their uniqueness—just like Zoya. Support Stories That Matter When you purchase or share stories like Zoya: The Stuttering Star, you’re supporting a broader movement to raise awareness and celebrate diversity. Thank you, Sathvega, for reminding us all that our differences are what make us shine!

The National Stuttering Association offers free stuttering printables, brochures, scripts, and educational resources to support people who stutter, families, educators, speech-language pathologists, employers, healthcare professionals, and allies. These resources are designed to encourage understanding, self-advocacy, confidence, and respectful communication. They may be downloaded, printed, emailed, or shared digitally for educational and advocacy purposes. All materials use NSA-approved language and reflect an evidence-based, respectful understanding of stuttering. Choose the Resource You Need Use this page to quickly find free stuttering brochures, printables, scripts, and advocacy tools in English. Looking for Spanish versions? Visit our Spanish stuttering resources page to access available materials in Spanish. Disclosure ID Cards Printable and physical ID cards to support self-advocacy in public, medical, workplace, school, travel, and high-pressure communication situations. General Stuttering Information Educational brochures that explain stuttering clearly for the general public, allies, employers, listeners, and community members. Families and Caregivers Resources to help parents, caregivers, and families support children who stutter with understanding, confidence, and respect. Students Accommodation scripts and templates to help middle school, high school, and college students communicate their needs clearly. Educators, SLPs, and Professionals Resources for teachers, speech-language pathologists, healthcare providers, and professionals who support people who stutter. Workplace Advocacy Tools Email scripts, interview follow-up templates, and workplace resources to support self-advocacy and inclusive communication. More NSA Support Find additional NSA resources, local chapters, community support, and ways to get involved. Stuttering Disclosure ID Card The Stuttering Disclosure ID Card is a simple self-advocacy tool for situations where verbal explanations may feel difficult, rushed, or stressful. It can be especially helpful during fast-paced or high-pressure interactions, such as traffic stops, airport security, medical appointments, workplace conversations, school settings, or everyday public interactions. The card provides a clear and respectful way to communicate that you stutter. It allows you to share important information on your own terms, without pressure or expectation. This card may be helpful in: Public or high-stress situations Medical or emergency settings Workplace or school conversations Travel and security settings Everyday interactions where communication may feel rushed Free Printable Stuttering Disclosure ID Card Downloads English Version Download the English version of the Stuttering Disclosure ID Card. Spanish Version Download the Spanish version of the Stuttering Disclosure ID Card. Portuguese Version Download the Portuguese version of the Stuttering Disclosure ID Card. Order Printed Stuttering Disclosure ID Cards Prefer a printed card? Physical Stuttering Disclosure ID Cards are also available through the NSA store in English or Spanish. General Information About Stuttering These educational brochures provide clear, accessible information about stuttering for the general public, employers, allies, listeners, schools, healthcare settings, and community education efforts. Use these resources to support awareness, reduce stigma, and encourage more respectful communication with people who stutter. Spanish versions of many general stuttering resources are also available. Available Downloads What Employers Should Know A practical resource to help employers better understand stuttering in the workplace and support inclusive communication. Information for Allies A helpful guide for anyone who wants to better understand, support, and advocate alongside people who stutter. Stuttering: So Much Can Be Done An encouraging resource that explains support options, communication confidence, and the many ways people who stutter can thrive. Notes to Listeners A simple guide that helps listeners understand how to respond with patience, respect, and support when speaking with someone who stutters. Navigating Insurance A resource to help individuals, families, and professionals better understand insurance-related conversations around stuttering support and therapy. Stuttering vs. Cluttering A clear comparison resource that explains the difference between stuttering and cluttering. Stuttering vs. Tourette’s A helpful educational resource explaining the differences between stuttering and Tourette’s. Neurogenic vs. Developmental Stuttering A resource that explains the difference between neurogenic stuttering and developmental stuttering. Information for Families These resources are designed to support parents, caregivers, and families of children who stutter. They provide guidance rooted in understanding, respect, and long-term communication confidence. Families play an important role in helping children feel heard, supported, and accepted. Spanish versions of many family resources are also available. Available Downloads Helping Children Who Stutter A supportive guide for families and caregivers who want to better understand how to help children who stutter. Helping Parents of Children Who Stutter A practical resource for parents looking for guidance, reassurance, and helpful ways to support their child. Classroom Presentation A printable presentation resource that can help explain stuttering in a school setting and encourage understanding among classmates and educators. Quick Comparison: IEP vs 504 Plan Unsure if your child who stutters needs an IEP or 504 Plan? Accommodation Scripts For Students These templates help students communicate their needs clearly and confidently in educational settings. They can be used to start supportive conversations with teachers, professors, school staff, disability support teams, or academic advisors. Available Downloads Middle & High School Students This template can help students request classroom accommodations and begin respectful conversations with teachers. College Students This email template can help college students request accommodations in a clear, respectful, and professional way. Information for Educators, SLPs, and Professionals These resources support educators, speech-language pathologists, healthcare providers, employers, and allied professionals in understanding stuttering and creating more inclusive, supportive environments. They are helpful for school teams, clinics, workplaces, professional development sessions, and community education. Spanish versions of many educator and professional resources are also available. Available Downloads Answers for Educators A practical guide to help educators better understand stuttering and support students who stutter in the classroom. SLP Resources: Helping Children Who Stutter A resource for speech-language pathologists and professionals supporting children who stutter. Stuttering and Fluency Assessment for Teachers A helpful resource for teachers who want to better understand stuttering, fluency, and classroom support. Stuttering: What Employers Should Know A workplace-focused resource that helps employers understand stuttering and support respectful communication. Pediatricians and Family Physicians A resource for medical professionals who may interact with children, teens, adults, and families affected by stuttering. Medical Professionals as Allies A guide to help healthcare professionals create more understanding, patient, and supportive interactions with people who stutter. Stuttering and the Military A resource that addresses stuttering in military-related settings and helps promote understanding and advocacy. Workplace Advocacy & Communication Tools These tools support workplace self-advocacy, follow-up communication, accommodation requests, and confidence building for people who stutter. They can be used by employees, job seekers, employers, mentors, and workplace advocates. Available Downloads Request Flexible Accommodations at Work Email scripts to help employees request flexible accommodations in a clear, professional, and respectful way. Interview Follow-Up Email Scripts Templates to help job seekers follow up after interviews and communicate with confidence. Stuttering Advocacy Bingo Board for the Workplace A workplace advocacy activity designed to encourage awareness, reflection, and inclusive communication. How to Use These Stuttering Resources These printables may be used in many different settings, including: School meetings and IEP discussions Classroom education and awareness activities Workplace education and DEI initiatives Chapter meetings and outreach events Healthcare and therapy settings Conferences, health fairs, and awareness campaigns Conversations with family members, friends, colleagues, and community members For larger distributions or community events, we encourage you to pair these materials with local NSA chapter support whenever possible. Looking for Spanish Resources? Many NSA printables, brochures, and advocacy tools are also available in Spanish. Visit our Spanish stuttering resources page to access Spanish language materials for people who stutter, families, educators, professionals, employers, and allies. Looking for More Support? These free stuttering printables are only one part of what the National Stuttering Association offers. You may also find these resources helpful: Resources for people who stutter Support for parents and families Education for teachers and schools Advocacy and workplace resources NSA chapters and community events About the National Stuttering Association The National Stuttering Association is the largest self-help organization for people who stutter and their families. The NSA provides education, community, advocacy, and support to help people who stutter feel understood, respected, and less alone at every stage of life. If these free stuttering printables and brochures have been helpful, please consider supporting our work so these resources can remain accessible to everyone. Important Use Note These materials may be printed, emailed, or shared digitally. Please do not alter the content, remove National Stuttering Association attribution, or present these resources in a way that changes their intended meaning. Why This Page Matters Accurate information about stuttering reduces stigma, supports inclusion, and helps people communicate with confidence. These free stuttering printables and brochures are one of the many ways the NSA works to make sure that no one who stutters ever has to navigate stuttering alone. If you stutter, you are not alone.

The National Stuttering Association is honored to share this directory of workshops, summer camps, intensive programs, and retreats that provide education, therapy, and community support for people who stutter. Whether you are a parent looking for a safe camp experience for your child, a teen seeking peer connection, or an adult interested in intensive therapy, this list highlights trusted opportunities across the U.S. and internationally. If you’d like to update your program or add a new listing, please contact Sarah Onofri National / Multi-State Camp SAY Who: Ages 8–18 Where: Morgan’s Wonderland Camp, San Antonio, TX Highlights: Two-week sleep-away camp with traditional activities + supportive community. Also runs Camp SAY: Across the USA weekend pop-ups. American Institute for Stuttering (AIS) Who: Children, teens & adults Where: New York City, Atlanta, Los Angeles, and Online Highlights: Group & individual therapy, intensives, Avoidance Reduction Therapy for Stuttering (ARTS©), speaker events, and support groups. Northeast Camp Dream. Speak. Live. (Arthur M. Blank Center) Who: Children ages ~5–15 Where: Varies annually Highlights: Free camp focused on communication confidence, community, and leadership. Camp Words Unspoken (Pittsfield, MA) Who: Children & teens, ages 7–17 Highlights: Overnight camp blending recreational fun with therapeutic speech sessions. SPEAK NOW! (Temple University, Philadelphia, PA) Who: Children & teens Highlights: Day camp combining speech goals, peer connection, and therapy-led activities. Hope for Stuttering ‘Flourish Retreat’ Who: Older teens, college-age, and adults Where: Milford, CT Highlights: A transformative 5-day retreat emphasizing belonging, growth, and social confidence. Includes daily sessions and beachside community building. Mid-Atlantic / Southeast Positive Responses to Stuttering Program (PRSP, East Carolina Univ.) Who: Children (6+), teens & adults Highlights: Intensive summer program targeting overt and covert stuttering behaviors. Camp T.A.L.K.S. (Vanderbilt Bill Wilkerson Center, Nashville, TN) Who: Ages 8–16 + families Highlights: Day camp with a strong family involvement component. Volunteer Your Voice (University of Tennessee) Who: Ages 9–16 Where: Tremont, TN Highlights: Three-day overnight camp with outdoor activities and communication practice. Central South Comprehensive Stuttering Therapy Program (CSTP, Texas State Univ.) Who: Teens & adults (14+) Where: San Marcos, TX Highlights: Six-day intensive program focusing on real-world communication. Central North UMN “Kids Who Stutter” Summer Camp (University of Minnesota, Minneapolis) Who: Students entering grades 5–9 Highlights: A fun, inclusive camp experience focusing on self-acceptance, communication, and peer connection. Star Lake Out Loud Who: Kids & teens who stutter, ages 8–17 Where: Crosslake, MN Highlights: Wilderness camping experience building confidence, communication, and lifelong friendships. Northwest Camp More (Rockaway Beach, OR) Who: Kids & teens, ages 7–18 Where: Camp Magruder, Rockaway Beach, OR Highlights: Overnight camp designed to build friendships, confidence, and communication skills. Successful Stuttering Management Program (SSMP, Eastern Washington Univ.) Who: Teens & adults Where: Cheney/Spokane, WA Highlights: Nine-day residential intensive focusing on avoidance reduction and stuttering modification. Mountain West University of Utah Intensive Stuttering Clinic Who: Ages 15+ (participants must be mature enough for intensity) Where: Salt Lake City, UT (University of Utah Research Park Campus) Highlights: 2-week intensive program combining fluency shaping and fluency management. Morning sessions emphasize structured drills; afternoons include transfer tasks, conversation practice, and field trips. Contact: Julia Lidgard (Director) Catamount Intensive Stuttering Program (CISP) Who: Individuals who stutter, ages 14+ Where: Western Carolina University, Cullowhee, NC Highlights: A free 5-day intensive focusing on stuttering modification and avoidance reduction. Learn more: Western Carolina University – Catamount Intensive Stuttering Program Colorado Speaks Camp (University of Colorado Boulder) Who: Ages 12–18 Where: University of Colorado Boulder Campus, Wolf Law Building – 2450 Kittredge Loop Drive, Boulder, CO 80309 Highlights: A week-long day camp offering full days of fun, games, and real-life social-communication skill building for young people who stutter. Participants gain confidence, advocacy skills, and tools for managing stuttering in everyday situations. Contact: Shelley Sheppeck, Director of Clinic Operations – slhc@colorado.edu | 303-492-9949 Learn more: CU Speech, Language & Hearing Clinic Virtual & International Oxford Stuttering & Cluttering Research Conference Who: Clinicians, researchers & people who stutter Where: St Catherine’s College, Oxford, UK Highlights: International conference with leading voices in stuttering and cluttering research. SPACE Community & Arts (Online) Who: Youth (7–18) & young adults (18–22) Highlights: Virtual arts and advocacy programs across the U.S. and Canada. The Unblockables – Improv for People Who Stutter Who: Adults who stutter Format: Virtual cohorts, led by professional improv coaches Highlights: Builds confidence and expression through performance-based practice. The Care Clinic at Perley Health (Ottawa, Canada; Virtual Available) Who: All ages Highlights: Bilingual (English/French) assessment and therapy, with telepractice options. McGuire Programme (Global) Who: Teens & adults (14+) When: Courses run year-round Where: Worldwide (in-person & virtual) Highlights: 3–4 day intensive courses combining speech techniques, confidence-building, and peer support. We encourage families and individuals to reach out directly to each organization for the latest details. Want to explore more support? Visit our NSA Annual Conference page and Find a Chapter page to connect with the community year-round.

When your child stutters, you are not alone. The National Stuttering Association (NSA) is here to help you find caring, informed support for your child and your family. Stuttering-Specific Resources Start with resources that understand stuttering and the whole child, like the National Stuttering Association (NSA), the largest nonprofit in the United States dedicated to people who stutter and their families. We offer: Local Chapters where families, kids, and teens connect for peer support. Parent and caregiver resources to help you support your child with confidence. NSA Conferences featuring sessions on resilience, communication, and mental health. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) – ProFind Search by ZIP code for licensed speech-language pathologists with training in stuttering. Filters help you find pediatric or bilingual providers. Stuttering Foundation Therapy referrals, parent guides, downloadable workbooks, and webinars are available, as well as strategies that support confidence and address anxiety. Friends: The National Association of Young People Who Stutter A welcoming community with family workshops and parent sessions that reduce isolation and celebrate children’s voices. Nationwide Mental Health Directories for Families Families sometimes need added support for the emotional and social parts of communication. These directories connect you with licensed counselors, therapists, and psychologists: Psychology Today Therapist Finder Search by specialty such as child and adolescent care, family therapy, self-esteem, and anxiety. Telehealth options are available. SAMHSA FindTreatment.gov A federal database of mental health providers with filters for youth services, outpatient programs, and family support. Mental Health America (MHA) Local affiliates offer counseling, support groups, and educational workshops. Many provide reduced or sliding-scale fees. NAMI (National Alliance on Mental Illness) Peer-led family support groups, parent guidance, referrals to child-focused providers, and a helpful helpline. Open Path Collective A national nonprofit network offering affordable counseling, typically $40 to $70 per session, including child and family therapists. Pediatric Counseling and Hospital Programs Many children’s hospitals integrate speech-language services with counseling for children and families, including programs like: Boston Children’s Hospital – Center for Communication Enhancement Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP) – Speech & Language Pathology Nationwide Children’s Hospital – Pediatric Psychology Cincinnati Children’s – Speech-Language Pathology & Behavioral Medicine Texas Children’s Hospital – Speech, Language, and Learning Clinic To explore options near you, check your local children’s hospital or use a National Children’s Hospital Directory. Community-Based & Parent Support Care can grow close to home: School Counselors & Special Education Services Ask about IEPs or 504 Plans that include social and emotional support alongside speech services. Faith-Based & Community Counseling Centers Many offer family therapy and group programs with reduced costs. University Clinics Graduate speech-language pathology and psychology programs often provide lower-cost services under licensed supervision. Crisis and Immediate Support for Families If you need immediate help, these services are available 24 hours a day: 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline – Call or text 988 anywhere in the United States. Crisis Text Line – Text HOME to 741741 to connect with a trained counselor. National Parent Helpline – Call 1-855-427-2736 for emotional support. How to Use This Directory Begin with stuttering-specific resources such as the NSA, Stuttering Foundation, and ASHA to find professionals who understand stuttering. Use nationwide therapist directories to locate child and family counselors who can partner with your child’s speech-language pathologist. Explore hospital programs for integrated care that includes speech-language therapy and counseling. Lean on your community. Schools, local clinics, and support networks can make a meaningful difference. Keep crisis numbers handy so help is always within reach. Frequently Asked Questions How do I find a counselor who understands stuttering and children’s mental health? Start with stuttering-focused resources, including the National Stuttering Association, the Stuttering Foundation, and ASHA ProFind to locate an SLP with stuttering expertise. Then use directories such as Psychology Today, NAMI, MHA, and Open Path to find child and family counselors who can collaborate with your child’s SLP. What should I ask a potential therapist or counselor? Ask about experience with children who stutter, how they build confidence and address anxiety, their approach to family involvement, telehealth availability, and how they coordinate care with speech-language pathologists. Can school support include counseling for a child who stutters? Yes. Families can request IEPs or 504 Plans that include social and emotional supports alongside speech services. Ask your school team about confidence, participation, and self-advocacy goals. Where can I find affordable counseling? Try Open Path Collective for lower-cost sessions, United Way 211 for sliding-scale programs, university clinics supervised by licensed professionals, and local Mental Health America affiliates. Do children’s hospitals offer both speech therapy and counseling? Many do. Search your nearest children’s hospital or use a national directory to find integrated programs that include speech-language therapy and pediatric psychology. Is there a single best therapy for stuttering? No. There is no single best method. Practical support is individualized and often blends speech-language therapy, confidence-building, and mental health counseling to meet your child’s needs. Who can I contact in a crisis? Call or text 988 for the Suicide and Crisis Lifeline or text HOME to 741741 for the Crisis Text Line. If there is immediate danger, call 911. Conclusion At the NSA, we believe in caring for the whole child, including their voice, confidence, and well-being. This directory is a starting point to help families find informed care and a community that understands the stuttering experience. Find an NSA Chapter Parents & Caregivers Resources Find a Speech Therapist

Written in collaboration with Wendy Dietz, M.S., CCC-SLP If your child stutters, finding the right speech therapist can feel overwhelming. There are various treatment approaches, ranging from affirming and evidence-based to misinformed and flat-out harmful. Clinicians come with a variety of backgrounds and experience levels. What matters most is that your child feels heard, safe, and supported—and that the clinician you choose aligns with your child’s needs and your family’s values. This guide walks you through what to look for, what to ask, and three common therapy options to help you make the most informed decision for your child. Why Specialized Experience Matters in Speech Therapy Not all speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have in-depth experience with stuttering. Stuttering is a neurophysiological difference with a genetic predisposition that requires an individualized, evidence-based approach. A generalist SLP may have an excellent understanding of speech sound and language disorders, but may not have the specific tools or mindset needed to support your child effectively. In fact, some SLPs are significantly less comfortable discussing a diagnosis of stuttering than other communication disorders. For meaningful therapy outcomes, it’s important to connect with an affirming SLP who has experience in stuttering. To help identify which SLPs fit this criteria, start by asking: “What experience do you have working with children who stutter?” “What is your approach to stuttering therapy?” “How will you measure my child’s progress?” (Please note that frequency of stuttering is not a meaningful measure of progress as stuttering frequency can vary significantly based on a variety of factors.) “How do you address underlying emotions and attitudes related to stuttering?” “Do you believe people who stutter can be good communicators? If so, how?” (Please note that “good communication” should not require or include fluency). A therapist who is a good fit will welcome these questions and be transparent about their background. Understand the Different Types of Stuttering Therapy There are several research-backed approaches to stuttering therapy. Each has its own goals, techniques, and ideal age range. Understanding these can help you choose a therapist who aligns with your child’s personality and stage of development. RESTART-DCM (Demands and Capacities Model) Best suited for preschoolers, RESTART-DCM is a two-phase approach that focuses on reducing environmental and internal demands on the child’s communication. Traditionally, the goal of this approach has been to reduce stuttering frequency indirectly. Therefore, it is advised that parents be skeptical of this approach when looking for an affirming stuttering therapist. However, a modified version of this approach could be considered to help children express themselves with the greatest possible mental and emotional ease, regardless of whether they stutter. The goal of Phase 1 is to create a relaxed, supportive environment that allows natural communication to emerge. It is recommended that Phase 2 of this approach (which traditionally focuses on strategies to reduce stuttering) be modified to emphasize developing a calm, relaxed attitude towards speaking/stuttering, without the intention of reducing stuttering. Ask: “Do you offer parent training to support the RESTART approach at home?” “How do you tailor this model to my child’s daily life?” “How do you modify this approach to support and affirm my child’s natural way of speaking (stuttering)?” “How will you ensure that your therapy does not directly or indirectly send the message that fluent speech is superior to stuttered speech?” CARE Model Developed from over 20 years of ongoing research at the Blank Center for Stuttering Education and Research, this approach is highly effective in improving quality of life outcomes for individuals who stutter. Designed for children, teens, and adults, the CARE Model is an education- and empowerment-based approach that focuses on reducing the burden of stuttering rather than eliminating stuttering itself. It emphasizes four pillars, communication, advocacy, resiliency, and education, to help individuals who stutter speak confidently and effectively in real-life situations. Therapy involves participation in experiential activities, group interaction, and skill-building to support long-term communication effectiveness and self-advocacy. Ask: “Are you formally trained in the Blank Center’s CARE Model?” “How do you measure or define effective communication?” Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) CBT is often used with older children and teens who experience anxiety or negative thoughts about stuttering. It helps them reframe unhelpful thinking patterns and reduce fear in communication situations. Ask: “How do you integrate CBT into speech therapy?” “Is your therapy focused only on fluency, or also on building confidence?” “What is more important: fluency or communication confidence?” “How do you involve parents in the therapy process?” “How do you stay involved with the stuttering community?” The goal is not “smoother speech,” but a happier, more confident child who can participate freely in a variety of communication contexts, regardless of the presence or absence of stuttering. Look for a Connection Credentials are important, but your child should feel comfortable with their therapist. Therapy is most effective when it happens in a space of trust and respect. You can ask: “Can we do a trial session to see how my child responds?” “How do you build rapport with children, especially those who may feel shy or frustrated?” Pay attention to how your child reacts. If they leave a session feeling encouraged, hopeful, or even just more relaxed, you are likely on the right path. Consider a Holistic Approach The best therapy includes emotional support, peer connection, and real-world communication tools. Ask whether the therapist: Incorporates talking about emotions and self-esteem Encourages your child to advocate for themselves at school or socially Supports participation in stuttering community programs, like NSA Chapters Therapists who see your child as a whole person—not just a speech pattern—will help them thrive both inside and outside the therapy room. Know When to Reassess It is okay to change therapists if something is not working. Stuttering therapy is often long-term, and the therapeutic relationship should feel right for both you and your child. If progress feels stalled or your child is dreading sessions, it may be time to revisit your options. You are your child’s advocate. Trust your instincts. Choosing a speech therapist for a child who stutters is about finding a partner in your child’s journey. The right SLP will offer tools, encouragement, and perspective that help your child grow as a communicator and a person. An SLP who is well-versed in stuttering should help your child understand over time that the way they speak is natural and valid, regardless of the presence or absence of disfluencies. The National Stuttering Association (NSA) offers a nationwide directory of professionals, plus family support and education to guide you every step of the way. Find a Speech Therapist and Explore Resources Visit WeStutter.org/parents to explore family resources and access the NSA’s network of stuttering-informed professionals. Additionally, consider checking out the Spero Stuttering’s Ally of Stuttering® directory for clinicians committed to ongoing training in the area of stuttering.

Stuttering affects the speech of one out of every 100 adults, making it likely that military personnel will encounter individuals who stutter, whether among new recruits or within the existing workforce. People who stutter possess valuable skills and talents that can greatly contribute to the military. Unfortunately, these abilities are sometimes overlooked due to misconceptions and negative stereotypes surrounding stuttering. Judging an individual solely based on their fluency is not only unfair but also a potential loss of talent for the military. Breaking Down Barriers in the Military In the military, differences are often perceived as weaknesses, and this perception can discourage personnel who stutter from seeking advice or support. The National Stuttering Association’s Military Stuttering Network (MSN) is committed to raising awareness and educating military health specialists and command staff across all branches of the US armed forces. Our goal is to shift the perception of stuttering, ensuring that it is not viewed negatively within the military. Support and Resources for Military Personnel We understand the unique challenges that military personnel who stutter may face. To support these individuals, we offer Military Support and Adult Local Chapters specifically designed for active and former military personnel. These support groups provide a safe and understanding environment to explore the challenges of stuttering in the military. Additionally, we encourage you to explore our free resource, the Stuttering and the Military brochure (PDF), which offers valuable insights and guidance. You can also join the conversation in our closed, moderated NSA Military Support Facebook group, where you’ll find a community of peers who share similar experiences. No Limits: Stuttering in the Military Are you currently serving in the military or considering enlisting? Do you worry that your stuttering might affect your ability to serve? Hear directly from active duty and former military personnel who have successfully navigated their military careers despite stuttering. Their stories demonstrate that there doesn’t have to be a limit to what you can achieve, regardless of your stutter. The military is a place where diverse skills and perspectives are crucial to success. By recognizing and embracing the potential of those who stutter, the military can benefit from their unique contributions, ensuring that no talent is overlooked or underutilized. Together, we can create a more inclusive and supportive environment for all military personnel, regardless of whether they stutter.

The National Stuttering Association (NSA) is proud to be the largest stuttering support organization in the world — but we are not alone in this mission. Around the globe, countless organizations are dedicated to supporting people who stutter (PWS), their families, and the professionals who work with them. From specialized therapy programs and advocacy networks to youth camps and online communities, these associations share one goal: to empower people who stutter to speak freely, connect deeply, and live authentically. Below is a collection of national and international stuttering organizations and resources that offer education, community, and inspiration. Please note that this is not a complete list, but rather a sampling of the many incredible groups doing this work. U.S.-Based Stuttering Organizations American Board of Fluency and Fluency Disorders (ABFFD) Speech-language pathologists who hold Board Certification in Fluency Disorders (BCS-F) have completed advanced training and clinical experience in working with people who stutter. You can find a list of certified specialists at stutteringspecialists.org. American Institute for Stuttering (AIS) With offices in New York City and Atlanta, GA, AIS provides individualized and group therapy in-person and online. Their approach integrates avoidance reduction, mindfulness, stuttering modification, and cognitive-behavioral principles. They also offer one-week immersion programs and themed workshops. Financial assistance is available for clients in need. stutteringtreatment.org American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) ASHA is the national professional association for speech-language pathologists and audiologists. Its Special Interest Division 4: Fluency and Fluency Disorders is dedicated to advancing research, education, and treatment for stuttering. asha.org A Free Voice Founded in 2018, A Free Voice is a U.S.-based nonprofit led by people who stutter and others with speech differences. Through local workshops and public awareness campaigns, it aims to challenge stigma, promote acceptance, and build understanding. AFreeVoice.org FRIENDS: The National Association of Young People Who Stutter FRIENDS creates a loving, empowering space for children and teens who stutter, their families, and speech-language pathologists. Programs include annual conferences, regional workshops, and parent support sessions. friendswhostutter.org SAY: The Stuttering Association for the Young SAY’s mission is to empower young people who stutter and inspire the world to listen with compassion and respect. SAY offers creative arts programs, summer camps, and storytelling opportunities where every voice is valued. say.org Spero Stuttering Spero provides education, advocacy, and community engagement to support individuals and families affected by stuttering. Their focus includes equipping professionals with resources to better serve the stuttering community. sperostuttering.org Stuttering Foundation of America (SFA) The SFA offers free resources, books, videos, and educational materials for people who stutter and professionals. It also supports research and advocacy efforts aimed at understanding and destigmatizing stuttering. stutteringhelp.org International Stuttering Organizations British Stammering Association (BSA) Also known as Stamma, the British Stammering Association is the leading UK organization run by and for people who stammer. It provides advocacy, community programs, and a national helpline. stammering.org Canadian Stuttering Association (CSA) CSA is a volunteer-driven nonprofit that promotes awareness, education, and support for people who stutter and their families across Canada. stutter.ca International Stuttering Association (ISA) The ISA unites stuttering associations from around the world to foster understanding, share resources, and collaborate on initiatives like International Stuttering Awareness Day (ISAD). stutterisa.org Philippine Stuttering Association (PSA) The Philippine Stuttering Association is a nonprofit community dedicated to promoting acceptance, education, and awareness for people who stutter in the Philippines. Through workshops, support meetings, and outreach, PSA provides safe spaces for individuals and families to connect and share their experiences. facebook.com/PhilippineStutteringAssociation Lebanese Stuttering Association (LSA) The Lebanon Stuttering Association, (an affiliate of the National Stuttering Association) supports people who stutter and their families throughout Lebanon. The organization promotes stuttering awareness, peer connection, and advocacy through both in-person and virtual programs, helping individuals build confidence and find community. Online Communities, Podcasts & Personal Projects Make Room for the Stuttering / Women Who Stutter: Our Stories Created by a person who stutters, this blog and podcast explore the many ways stuttering intersects with identity, resilience, and empowerment. Women Who Stutter: Our Stories provides a unique space for women to share their experiences and voices. stutterrockstar.com Passing Twice A supportive network for LGBTQIA+ people who stutter and their allies. Passing Twice builds community through shared stories, online discussions, and annual meetups. passingtwice.org StutterTalk A long-running podcast that features open, honest conversations about stuttering. The hosts—people who stutter themselves—interview community members, experts, and advocates around the world. stuttertalk.com Stutter Social An innovative online community that connects people who stutter through virtual hangouts. Participants meet via video to practice communication, share stories, and form lasting friendships. stuttersocial.com Stuttering may be a shared experience, but each person’s journey is unique. Whether you’re searching for a therapist, peer group, or advocacy network, these organizations offer meaningful opportunities to connect, learn, and grow. The National Stuttering Association encourages you to explore these resources, find a community that feels right for you, and remember: if you stutter, you are not alone. Visit WeStutter.org to find an NSA Chapter near you or join one of our virtual support meetings today.

The National Stuttering Association (NSA) is committed to providing support and educational resources about stuttering to pediatricians and family physicians. These medical professionals are in a unique position to provide accurate information to parents of children who stutter, as they are often the first professionals that parents turn to when they notice disfluencies in their child’s speech. With the correct information and a basic understanding of childhood stuttering, pediatricians and family physicians can assist parents in making the appropriate choices related to pursuing a speech evaluation with a qualified speech-language pathologist. Recent studies indicate that early intervention through speech therapy may increase the likelihood of a child developing normal fluency. Therefore, it is critical that pediatricians and family physicians have the most current and accurate information available about stuttering in young children. Early intervention can have a profoundly positive impact on a child who stutters as it relates to their fluency and overall self-image as a person who stutters. We encourage parents and pediatricians to read our free brochures: Childhood Stuttering: Pediatricians and Family Physicians and Medical Professionals as Allies.

The National Stuttering Association (NSA) has long been a leader in advocacy, education, and support for people who stutter (PWS). While raising awareness is crucial, we go further by transforming knowledge into meaningful action. But how exactly do we make a difference? From stuttering support groups and national conferences to workplace advocacy and research efforts, we are changing lives. This article will explore the key initiatives that drive this mission forward and their impact on PWS, their families, and professionals. Local Chapters: Building Community & Confidence One of our most impactful programs is its nationwide network of NSA Chapters. These groups provide a safe space for PWS to share experiences, practice speaking in a supportive environment, and connect with others who understand the stuttering experience. Many PWS have reported that joining an NSA Chapter was the first time they ever met another person who stutters. Connecting with others facing similar challenges helps individuals reframe their perspective on stuttering and build self-acceptance. People who stutter are often isolated and don't know anyone else who stutters. When we meet another person who stutters, there is no guarantee that they want to talk about it. One of the most powerful things about NSA Chapter meetings is being able to share with others who understand. No longer alone! — John Raab NSA Connects: Virtual Support at Your Fingertips Recognizing that not everyone can attend in-person events, we created NSA Connects, a virtual program offering live webinars, discussion groups, and interactive workshops. NSA Connects provides nationwide access to support, offers targeted discussions on mental health, workplace challenges, and self-advocacy, and connects PWS, families, and professionals in a digital space. NSA Connects has become a lifeline for many who may not have access to a local support group. People who stutter from all over the country can log in and instantly connect with a supportive community. I am not alone! Other people’s stories are a lot like mine. We all can help each other get through this. — Kevin Foley The NSA Chapters and online meetings have informed me about people who stutter of all ages and demographics. I have never collaborated in a discussion of this magnitude to a degree that stuttering is a part of who we are and should not be discounted as a negative in society. The NSA has contributed to a positive of well-being in my communication.— William Dunbar Annual Conference: A Life-Changing Experience 2025 Annual NSA Conference in Denver, CO Every year, we host our Annual Conference, which brings together hundreds of PWS, families, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), researchers, and advocates. This event encourages self-acceptance and personal growth by providing workshops on various topics, such as career success, and offers a sense of belonging and empowerment. Attendees leave the conference feeling energized, understood, and supported. For many, it’s their first time seeing hundreds of people who stutter in one place. What an enlightening and inspiring conference! Emma was so happy those four days; it really put a skip in both of our steps. The conference felt like a giant hug of love and understanding. We’ll return every year and definitely connect with the NSA Chapters, parents group, and Sisters Who Stutter in the meantime. — Lisa Vahradian Thank you to all of those involved in the NSA. In particular, my thanks must go to the donors that fund the conference scholarships and the NSA for selecting my family as scholarship recipients. Unfortunately, I learned about the NSA and the Annual Conference late in the game and with recent medical bills, grad school expenses, and limited time to budget, I didn’t know how we would be able to make it happen for our family. That scholarship has forever changed our family.— Molly Porzel NSA’s Youth and Family Programs: Empowering the Next Generation Stuttering can be particularly challenging for children and teens, especially when faced with bullying, self-consciousness, or a lack of understanding from peers. Our Youth and Family Programs focus on empowering young people who stutter (and their parents) by providing education, support, and mentorship. Key Initiatives: NSA Kids & Teens Programs – Specially designed events, meetups, and educational resources tailored for young PWS Family Days & Workshops – Interactive sessions where parents and children learn strategies to navigate stuttering together Teen Advisory Council (TAC) – A leadership program that gives teens who stutter a voice in shaping the NSA’s youth initiatives Young participants gain confidence and resilience, while parents receive guidance on how to support their child. Families leave these events with a renewed sense of hope. The NSA has completely changed Hayley’s life in more ways than I can imagine. For the first time, Hayley has no longer felt different and inferior, but rather unique and special. It was that mental shift — the shift from being seen not as a problem to be solved, but a person to be accepted. — Linsey Stuckey Workplace Advocacy: Supporting Professionals Who Stutter There’s no denying that navigating the professional world as a person who stutters comes with challenges, from job interviews to workplace communication. We provide Workplace Advocacy Resources to help PWS and employers foster inclusive work environments. Our key initiatives include workplace webinars and training, which educate employers, HR professionals, and employees on stuttering awareness and creating inclusive work environments. We also highlight career success stories, showcasing professionals who stutter thriving in their fields to inspire others. Additionally, our Full Disclosure series features candid conversations about navigating stuttering in professional settings. These efforts have helped numerous PWS gain the confidence to advocate for themselves in job interviews, ask for accommodations, and pursue leadership roles. Many employers who participate in NSA training programs also develop more inclusive policies. My biggest takeaway is that I should utilize the resources from this great community instead of trying to do it alone.— Josh Jensen My life has transformed. The support from fellow NSA Chapter members has encouraged me to start with baby steps. I began by making phone calls and ordering food at drive-thrus, which later led me to working as a customer service/sales rep. That job required me to talk on the phone all day. I accepted being a PWS and I am no longer ashamed of my stuttering.— Tanya Banks Research & Advocacy: Driving Policy Change We are committed to advancing research on stuttering and advocating for policies that benefit PWS. We help shape the future of stuttering treatment, education, and public awareness through collaborations with researchers, universities, and policymakers. Here are a few of our key initiatives: Partnerships with speech and stuttering research institutions: Supporting cutting-edge research on stuttering treatment and intervention Public awareness campaigns: Advocating for greater representation of PWS in media, education, and healthcare Legislative advocacy: Working with lawmakers to promote disability rights and workplace inclusion for PWS We have contributed to landmark research studies, helped pass workplace protection policies, and increased media representation of people who stutter in TV, film, and public discourse. Awareness Leads to Action We don’t just talk about stuttering; We actively create change through our programs and initiatives. From local support groups and national conferences to workplace advocacy and research collaborations, every effort is designed to empower, educate, and uplift the stuttering community. Are You Ready? Find an NSA Chapter Join the next Annual Conference Access workplace resources Donate to support our programs

Ladan Khoshbin, SLP, recipient of the 2026 NSA Graduate Student Research Award. Her mixed-methods study explores self-disclosure, psychological resilience, and lived experiences among adults who stutter. The National Stuttering Association (NSA) is proud to announce Ladan Khoshbin, SLP, as the recipient of the 2026 NSA Graduate Student Research Award (GSRA). Her study, "Self-Disclosure and Psychological Resilience in Adults Who Stutter: A Mixed-Methods Study of Relationships, Influencing Factors, and Lived Experiences," will examine how choosing to disclose stuttering may relate to resilience and why that relationship can differ from person to person. The GSRA provides up to $5,000 in funding to support graduate students conducting meaningful stuttering research. Formerly known as the NSA Research Fund Award, it has been awarded annually since 2022, thanks to the generosity of the NSA community. The award is presented in loving memory of Diane Games and honors her lasting contributions to speech-language pathology and stuttering research. "What has always mattered most to me is being impactful in people's lives and I realized research was a way to keep doing that,” Ladan said. “Receiving this award means a great deal to me, and not only because of the funding." Read: Could VR Transform Stuttering Therapy? Research Insights from John Tetnowski Read: How NSA-Funded Research Is Advancing Understanding of Stuttering From Clinical Practice in Iran to Doctoral Research Ladan began her career in speech-language pathology in Iran, where she worked for 12 years as a clinician before considering research. She started as a general SLP, but working with people who stutter quickly became the center of her practice. The progress she saw with clients also raised questions about why certain approaches helped and why others did not. She founded a private practice and later co-founded Green Speech to expand stuttering awareness and clinician training beyond her own clients. Those unanswered clinical questions eventually brought her to Binghamton University. Ladan is now a graduate assistant in the Division of Speech-Language Pathology at Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences and a doctoral candidate in Community Research and Action at the College of Community and Public Affairs. Her research is guided by Dr. Rodney Gabel. "I started as a general SLP, working across different areas of practice, and in less than a year, I found where I belonged: working with people who stutter,” said Ladan. “I did not choose stuttering because it was easy. I chose it because it was where I was already succeeding and that success left me with a question I carried for years before I had the tools to answer it." Listening Shaped the Research Question Early in her clinical work, Ladan noticed that clients who stutter often opened up more and reported greater progress than she expected. One possible reason kept returning to her. She listened well. The work of David Luterman helped her become more deliberate in her listening, a skill she continues to develop and now shapes how she approaches research. Her interest in disclosure also grew directly from clinical practice. While working with a woman who had a covert stutter, Ladan noticed that the client's openness encouraged other people to share their own vulnerabilities. When later research by Boyle and Gabel reflected the same pattern, disclosure became more than a clinical tool for Ladan. It became a question she wanted to study. "That pattern, disclosure inviting disclosure, was something I observed directly in practice long before I had research language for it,” Ladan said. “When Boyle and Gabel's work came out, I recognized the same pattern in their findings, and that recognition is what turned disclosure from something I did clinically into a question I wanted to study directly." Read: How This Researcher Advanced the Quality of Life for People Who Stutter Read: How One Research Award Helped Launch a Career in Stuttering Research Self-Disclosure, Resilience, & the Speaker's Perspective In Ladan's study, self-disclosure refers to a person who stutters intentionally letting someone else know that they stutter. She will use a mixed-methods design, beginning with a large survey and following it with interviews with a smaller group. The survey will help identify broader patterns, while the interviews will allow participants to describe what disclosure has meant in their own lives. Much of the existing disclosure research has focused on how listeners respond and how disclosure affects communication. Ladan is examining how disclosure may fit into a person's longer-term response to stigma and adversity. Her study will consider self-stigma, self-esteem, and self-compassion as possible mediators, along with community involvement, gender, and stuttering severity as factors that may influence the relationship between disclosure and resilience. "Over three years of doctoral work, that same strength, listening, shaped everything I chose to study,” said Ladan. “I gravitated toward resilience and lived experience, did qualitative work so I could keep listening closely and treat people's stories as evidence, and kept reading until I saw the gap clearly: we know a great deal about the listener's perspective on disclosure, but far less about the speaker's own in-depth experience." Treating Lived Experience as Evidence The study was designed to balance scale with depth. A broad survey can show relationships across a larger group of adults who stutter, but Ladan did not want numbers to tell the entire story. The interview phase gives participants space to explain how disclosure, stigma, support, and resilience interact in ways that a set of survey responses may not fully capture. "I wanted the study to be large enough, through the survey, to say something reliable across many adults who stutter, but I did not want numbers to be the whole story,” said Ladan. “The interview phase exists because I believe people's own accounts of their experience carry evidence, not just illustration." Ladan's own path into qualitative research shaped this choice. Over three years of doctoral work, she gravitated toward resilience and lived experience because qualitative methods allowed her to listen closely and treat people's stories as evidence. By combining quantitative and qualitative methods, the study can preserve both breadth and individual meaning. Read: Rethinking Early Stuttering Support: What Parent-Child Interactions Really Tell Us Read: Stuttering Research Spotlight: Dr. Christopher Constantino, PhD, CCC-SLP Moving Toward More Individualized Support Ladan hopes the findings will offer a more nuanced understanding of what disclosure can and cannot do. Disclosure is often encouraged as a broadly positive step, but her research recognizes that the experience may depend on a person's self-stigma, self-esteem, self-compassion, community support, and other parts of their life. That deeper understanding could help clinicians move beyond general advice and have more individualized, evidence-based conversations with clients. It may also give people who stutter better information as they decide whether, when, and why disclosure feels right for them. "I hope this study gives people who stutter a clearer, more honest picture of what disclosure can and cannot do for them, instead of a blanket message that being open and disclosing is simply good,” Ladan said. “I want them to see disclosure as one possible part of building resilience, one that may work differently depending on their own self-stigma, self-esteem, self-compassion, and the support around them, so they can make that choice for their own reasons." What the Graduate Student Research Award Means to Ladan Applications for the Graduate Student Research Award are evaluated for their significance, originality, methodological rigor, feasibility, and relevance to the stuttering community. For Ladan, being selected brought encouragement that went well beyond the financial support. The recognition affirmed that a research question rooted in attentive clinical practice and the lived experiences of people who stutter belongs in the field. It also strengthened her confidence to keep studying how adults who stutter build resilience in their own words. “That confirmation has boosted my confidence to keep pursuing this topic and to trust that what I bring to it matters,” said Ladan. “I am genuinely grateful and I am thankful to the National Stuttering Association for supporting research that starts from listening to people's lived experience.” The NSA is proud to support Ladan and research grounded in the voices of people who stutter. Learn about the GSRA here.

Written by: Mia Woltman, WeStutter@Work Committee When most people graduate from college, the next item on their to-do lists is to find work. No matter the workplace, most graduates have to adjust their environment to fit their grown-up needs and starting salaries. But in my case, I never left my surroundings to seek ones more appropriate. I never had to step into somewhere dauntingly new and deflect the intimidation. The classroom was and is my constant: the white canvas of the whiteboard, the bins that house that nostalgic “crayon” smell, the tiny desks that have seen it all. This isn’t an essay answering the classic, “Why did you become a teacher?” question, but rather a summary of how I rewrote my stutter’s narrative in the classroom, where most people who stutter (PWS) face their lowest lows. How had I metamorphosed from a shy, frightened student to a loud, bubbly teacher? Well, my stutter and I had already been making this slow shift for twenty-something years. Mia on preschool picture day I began speech therapy as soon as my parents found out that I repeated sounds and blocked. My earliest memories of therapy are rooted in preschool and felt like a child’s dream, playing all kinds of games during our sessions. At that age, I didn’t understand it as therapy. To me, it simply felt like a familiar visit with a friend. I entered elementary school with an individualized education plan (IEP) so that I could continue receiving speech services. Mia and her speech therapist on the last day of first grade It wasn’t until upper elementary school that it dawned on me why I had to practice speaking differently, why I was pulled out of the classroom during read-alouds, or flip through a round of words in the hallway when nobody else in my class did the same. I learned that I stuttered. The shame I began to feel surrounding this revelation shaped who I became. Stress can intensify the negative memories controlled by the brain’s hippocampus. As humans, we are prone to remembering our "failures” rather than our victories. I was the only person I knew who stuttered and at the time, I could barely define “wisdom.” As a result, I fell victim to this perception of life for far too long: a half-empty glass. I sat at my desk in third grade, waiting for my turn to present. We were assigned to read a chapter book of our choice and prepare to answer a series of interview questions as if we were the protagonist. What was a star lesson plan for my teacher was something I thought would end me, something that made me repeat “I can’t, I can’t, I can’t.” There were so many situations where I felt like a life-or-death decision had to be made: Do I present to my peers and let my stutter play puppet-master to my shame or do I refuse and save myself the dread? I presented through the nervous nausea and lived to hear the pitiful applause. Fifth grade witnessed one of my most significant turning points. I practically denounced speech therapy to my therapist. This isn’t to say that speech therapy can’t benefit people who stutter or that my therapist lacked the necessary tools. In my opinion, the strategies weren’t helping me. Again, I was ten and wanted an immediate fix. I wanted to talk as easily as my friends and teachers. I wept in my therapist’s office in the middle of the school day, tears salted with anger and disappointment. I was told to get a drink and to compose myself. I hadn’t known it then, but I returned to that office with the invisible white flag of surrender. I could accept I had a stutter, but it didn’t mean I had to be happy about it. Mia giving a presentation in fifth grade And I wasn’t. I never talked about my stutter to friends or my family. I only ever mentioned its challenges to my teachers at the start of each school year. My stutter was placed into my own hands when I stopped speech therapy in junior high. I was shy, insecure, and doubtful about who I was compared to others who spoke with flowing fluency. In eighth grade, I stuttered through the worst presentation I would ever give. I barely spoke two words without stuttering. It was physically exhausting and forced me to retreat into a lonely place. Fortunately, my supportive mother, who worked for the school district, acted as my advocate by co-creating a 504 Plan with my school’s administration. Roughly a month after my presentation, I received a handwritten note from my choir teacher that said, “I hope to see that leader come back in you.” Apparently, my personality hiatus was obvious to others, even when it wasn’t to me. I faced the choice of folding the cards life had dealt me or playing them. I never wanted to cave to my stutter again. A note from Mia’s eighth-grade choir teacher I slowly found more footing in high school. I rarely ever utilized my 504 Plan and instead forced myself through exposure therapy. Sure, there were imperfect presentations and many days when I felt inferior to the others around me, but I refused to let stuttering define who I was. The COVID pandemic gave me the reset I needed to erase my old reputation and write a new one. I got to be me. I wasn’t just someone who stuttered; I was also a very bright student with a steady head on her shoulders. I spoke up when nobody raised their hands during Zoom calls. I led the dreaded group projects. I presented information that nobody else could find. Eventually, I realized that my abilities were outgrowing my stutter. I didn’t have the energy anymore to fret over something so small when my mind was becoming something so big. Mia’s senior year classroom while remote learning This being said, I didn’t have any accommodations when I entered college. I dropped my 504 Plan and decided I could be my own advocate if needed. My stutter became so mild that I rarely ever mentioned it to professors. My largest victory during my time studying Elementary Education was becoming the editor-in-chief of my college’s literary journal. Mia as editor-in-chief I spoke in front of nearly fifty people during launch parties. I had a passion for writing and nothing was going to get in the way of something I came to love—not even my stutter. When updating Facebook about my writing one day, it was my elementary school speech therapist who commented something that evokes goose bumps each time I read it: Even though her comment was cliché and has been said many times before to many different people, I felt an overwhelming sense of pride. All of those years later, and here we were praising my words. My words! Why wouldn’t I want to stay in the classroom forever? It’s witnessed my growth from the very start. It’s a place that's seen me at my worst and at my best. I rewrote my stutter’s narrative at work by choosing to love myself, no matter how I sounded. Choosing to envelop myself in the arms of those who supported me. The answer is in the accommodations, the people with whom you surround yourself, the unwavering perseverance, the trust you promise yourself, and in the card you find up your sleeve and play when nobody (or everybody) is watching. The last week of school with Mia’s first-grade students