Olga Bednarski Editor’s note: The National Stuttering Association (NSA) does not endorse or promote specific therapy programs, treatments, or approaches that claim to eliminate or “overcome” stuttering. We share personal stories to highlight individual experiences that may not reflect those of all people who stutter. Fifteen years ago, when I began my journey to freedom, I was searching for answers. I wanted to understand why my speech and anxiety fluctuated so much. In some situations, and with certain people, I could speak freely—fluid, expressive, open. Yet with others, I would tense up completely. My jaw would tighten, my breath would vanish, and my mind would fog over. I would tiptoe through conversations as if walking on eggshells, terrified of breaking something invisible. My voice would collapse into silence. Afterward, I’d feel frustrated, ashamed, and confused. At the time, I didn’t call it “stuttering.” That word wasn’t even part of my vocabulary. I simply thought I was painfully shy. But even that didn’t feel right—because deep down I was temperamental, expressive, even fiery at times. How could I be shy and bold at once? I convinced myself that if I could just become confident, my speech would “straighten out.” So, I joined the Maguire Programme after hearing about it from people at the Liverpool Speakers Club—the first place I’d gone to “beat my shyness.” The course was held in a hotel in Dundee, Scotland. On the first evening, I walked into a room full of strangers and was told to introduce myself. Public speaking. Again. My whole body froze. My breath was shallow, my mind blank. I filled my lungs with air, but when I tried to say my name, I hit a complete, silent block. My face turned crimson. People could see the effort, but no one could see how fragmented I felt inside—as if the connection between my thoughts and my voice had been cut off. And yet, somehow, I survived. Later, when I spoke to people one-on-one, my speech was suddenly free. I laughed. I shared stories. My anxiety subsided. I felt human again. Over the next few days, we practiced costal breathing and went out for “contacts”—approaching strangers to speak and face our fears. I remember my first one vividly. We went into a bar, and I had to tell the barman my name and explain what we were doing. My coach, Sid Jeffries, stood beside me with quiet encouragement. I tried to say my name. The first letter stuck. My head bobbed, my thoughts scattered, and embarrassment flooded me like a slow wave. But I finished. I spoke. The ordeal was over.  Then the next contact. And the next. By the 10th, 20th, 40th encounter, something incredible began to happen: The fear dissolved. My presence deepened. My speech flowed. I was no longer fighting for words—I was with them. Every conversation became an act of presence. I looked people softly in the eyes. I smiled. My body was relaxed and calm. My breathing was full. I wasn’t trying to speak fluently; I was connected. That day, I felt something I couldn’t name at the time—a return to myself. It wasn’t the technique that set me free. It was the connection. It was the countless small moments of contact—no matter how fleeting they might have been—that made me feel safe enough to drop my guard. The breathing, the technique, the exposure, the repetition… they were all just doorways to something much deeper: a sense of belonging. When I felt safe, I relaxed. When I relaxed, I connected. When I connected, I spoke. It was that simple—and that profound. Over the years, I’ve come to see this clearly: the essence of speech anxiety (and perhaps of most mental struggles) is disconnection. Disconnection from our feelings, from ourselves, from our bodies, from other people, from life itself. We learn to suppress, deny, and resist our feelings to protect ourselves. But in doing so, we isolate ourselves—from the very connection that could make us whole. As A.H. Almaas wrote: “Liberation is really nothing but the personality becoming free in the moment. The personality loses its grip, lets itself just relax.” When we reconnect with ourselves, with others, with the present moment, our nervous system calms. We feel safe. The tension unravels. The personality relaxes its grip. And in that state, speech begins to flow again—naturally, effortlessly—because we are no longer speaking from fear, but from connection. It is not the techniques that heal us, but the people who hold space for us. The ones we laugh with, cry with, stumble with. Warmth, presence, and shared experience— these  are the real medicine. We live in a world that celebrates independence, but healing happens in relationships. The more we reach out, the safer we feel. The more we allow ourselves to be seen, the more we return to our natural state of flow. When we restore connection, we restore wholeness. And that, I believe, is the true essence of healing—not just from speech anxiety, but from the deep loneliness of disconnection itself. Because in the end, it’s not about speaking perfectly. It ’s about speaking connectedly. It ’s about being here—present and open. And that is where freedom begins.

Supporting early-career researchers can shape the future of an entire field. For speech-language pathologist (SLP) and researcher Dr. Robyn Croft Albaum, PhD, CCC-SLP, receiving support through the National Stuttering Association Research Fund Award (NSARFA) helped launch research that continues to influence how clinicians and researchers think about well-being and stuttering. “This support allowed me to recruit a sufficient number of adults who stutter for my pilot study, which explored the effectiveness of an online self-compassion intervention for improving quality of life,” said Dr. Croft Albaum.  A Doctoral Research Project Focused on Self-Compassion When Dr. Croft Albaum received the NSARFA in 2020, she was in the early stages of her doctoral training. Her research focused on an emerging concept in stuttering research: the role of self-compassion and psychological well-being for adults who stutter. At the time, the idea of delivering these types of interventions online was still relatively new, making the project both innovative and timely. “I was a second-year doctoral student at The University of Texas at Austin studying under the mentorship of Dr. Courtney Byrd,” she said.  Turning Early Research Into Published Work What began as a pilot project quickly developed into meaningful contributions to the field. Through her research, Dr. Croft Albaum examined how psychosocial approaches—such as self-compassion interventions—might help improve quality of life for adults who stutter alongside traditional clinical approaches. “This work has been published in the International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and presented at national and international conferences, including the ASHA convention and the WSCO Conference,” Dr. Croft Albaum said.  Key Milestones After the National Stuttering Association Research Fund Award Since completing her fellowship-supported research, Dr. Croft Albaum has continued building an impressive academic and professional record. Her work has expanded into broader investigations of the psychological experiences of people who stutter and how those experiences influence communication and well-being. From Researcher to Global Leader in Stuttering Education Today, Dr. Croft Albaum plays a key role in advancing both research and clinical training in the field of stuttering. Her work focuses on translating evidence-based research into real-world clinical practices that directly benefit people who stutter. “I work at the Arthur M. Blank Center for Stuttering Education and Research at The University of Texas at Austin,” she said. “As a speech-language pathologist and the Assistant Director of Global Research, I help translate research into practice by implementing evidence-based practices in the clinical setting with persons who stutter, training undergraduate and graduate students, and collaborating with individuals worldwide to advance research and clinical training opportunities.” Improving Quality of Life for People Who Stutter Ultimately, Dr. Croft Albaum’s work reflects a broader mission within the stuttering community: improving the lives of people who stutter not only through clinical intervention but also through research, education, and global collaboration. “My current work aims to improve the quality of life for persons who stutter through clinical practice, training of undergraduate and graduate students, and research,” Dr. Croft Albaum said.  To learn more about NSA-approved research studies, visit WeStutter.org/post/approved-stuttering-research .

Eldon Solomon, Mandy Rodstorm, Doug Harris Every person who stutters knows that no two speaking days are the same. Some days, speech flows easily. Other days, words feel heavier, tension builds quickly, and even a short sentence can feel like a ton of work. What’s often missing from conversations about stuttering is this truth: not every difficult speaking moment comes from the same place. What looks like a “bad speech day” may stem from one of three experiences: Natural variability in stuttering Social anxiety shaped by fear of judgment Trauma responses, where the body recalls past unsafe speaking experiences Understanding the difference helps you recognize your experience and respond with care rather than self-blame. Stuttering: A Neurological Foundation Stuttering is a neurodevelopmental communication difference, not the result of fear or nervousness. It reflects how the brain plans and coordinates speech. Neuroimaging shows variations in speech-motor regions that naturally affect fluency. Because stuttering involves complex brain processes, fluency fluctuates. Fatigue, stress, excitement, or emotion can influence speech on any given day—shifts like that are normal and expected. What Defines a Tough Speech Day? A tough speech day occurs when speaking feels more effortful than usual, without an underlying sense of fear or danger. It might include: More frequent or intense blocks or repetitions Increased physical effort or tension Feeling tired or frustrated after speaking Emotional steadiness despite heavy speech Anxious about certain speaking situations, more so than usual It’s important to remember that these days are temporary—they are not regression. When It Might Be Social Anxiety Social anxiety arises when fear of judgment colors how you feel about speaking. The mind focuses less on mechanics and more on others’ reactions. Common signs include: Worrying before a conversation or event Avoiding introductions, calls, or meetings Physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating Replaying interactions with self-criticism Lingering fear after the moment has passed For people who stutter, these situations can feel disabling or traumatic, raising the question: “Is this social anxiety, or a survival response to trauma?” Eldon’s story Trauma-induced behaviors arise when individuals perceive a lack of escape from acute or distressing situations, compelling them to internally manage responses to avoid painful experiences. I overheard a mother telling her child, “High emotions slow down our thinking, so be careful about the decisions you are making and the perceptions you are forming.”  This is an excellent lesson for a parent to teach. This advice applies to all emotionally charged situations. Many people who stutter (PWS) often struggle with social situations due to high emotions, so it’s easy to feel broken or disabled in our abilities, losing sight of the bigger picture amidst our own reality. Below are three versions of a similar story, each focusing more on the emotional and behavioral responses to trauma rather than an emphasis on social anxiety.  The poem “I Woke Up,” authored by Eldon Solomon, tells the story of a PWS experiencing the impact of trauma with his stuttering: I am 2 and very happy. My siblings take care of me and think I’m cute. I Woke Up I am 4. I’m napping when an uncle touches me. I am confused. He tells me to go back to sleep. I Woke Up I am angry. I’m a very obnoxious little boy. My siblings don’t think I’m cute anymore and they avoid me. I cannot speak. I stutter. I hurt. I don’t like being me. I Woke Up I don’t want to go to school. People are mean to me; they tease, they make fun, and they bully. They say I am a freak. I stutter! I want to hide. Please, don’t see me. I Woke Up I am in middle school. I still can’t speak. There is no one like me. I am a freak. It’s a living hell. I want to be free of being me. I Woke Up I am in high school. My friends are good to me, but I’m not yet free of being me. Why can’t I speak? I Woke Up I am a father. My son stutters. No. Dear God, NO! Please help me. My son must not be like me. I Woke Up I am 30. Praise God! I found my fluency. I can speak! I am now like you, and free of being me! I Woke Up My son is a young man. He still can’t speak! He is not yet free of being me. I Woke Up I am an old man. My son still stutters, but he likes that part of me. I stutter! No Wait! Wait! I have fluency! Am I me or am I you? I Woke Up I looked in the mirror. I see all of me! Not just my stuttering me or my fluency me, or the little boy who was abused and bullied me.  I see strength and tenacity. I see a person who never gives up.  I see a father who loves his sons and who wants to protect and to prevent what I know will be pain.  I feel intelligence. I see courage and bravery.  I see there has been a higher power that has always walked this journey with me. I see friends, and I see family, who have also walked with me!  I can see! I’m not alone. I’ve Woken Up This time, I choose to stay awake. This time, I choose to be all of “me.” This poem tells a story, a story of recurring trauma that couldn’t be escaped. It’s not hard to feel the pain of this author and see the impact of trauma in his journey to embrace his stutter. There are also victories that came from his experiences. There are more stories like this that relate more to the experiences of trauma rather than to social anxiety. The National Stuttering Association (NSA) thanks Eldon for his courage and vulnerability in sharing his story with us. Mandy’s story Mandy, a speech-language pathologist (SLP) and a PWS, shares her journey of managing internal struggles against external expectations. Early in her life, she felt safe at home with her parents, but her speech was fragmented. One of her parents said, ”Stop! Say it again without stuttering. I cured myself.”   “We can’t talk that way,” a voice inside whispered, “we have to do what they say.”  On her first day of school, introducing herself felt daunting. When she attempted to say “Mandy,” it came out as “Andy,” eliciting giggles from her classmates. Her cheeks burned, but she mustered the courage to try again, declaring, “My name is Amanda.”  “YES!” The Whisper reassured her. “We are Amanda now.”  Are these reactions signs of social anxiety or survival instincts?  During Language Arts, the teacher announced a read-aloud exercise, prompting her to calculate which words she could safely say. “Can I go to the bathroom?” felt like a refuge, though it isolated her further. When an SLP called her name, she hesitated but eventually complied, thinking, “I hate being singled out.”  As the therapist encouraged her with slow, elongated speech patterns, exclaiming, “Good job! You were so fluent!”  She couldn’t help but resist, questioning, “Why am I talking like this?” The Whisper returned, demanding compliance: “We have to do what they tell us.”  Years later, in college, she came across a video of a girl speaking just like her. Tears filled her eyes as a voice inside her declared, "That is me!" Inspired, she pursued a career as an SLP. Yet, in graduate school, professors advised her to enhance her fluency strategies, eliciting yet another wave of resistance. “Why can't they hear ME?”  “We have to do what they tell us,” whe Whisper reminded her.  As a school-based SLP, she found joy in working with students who stutter. When she celebrated their achievements with the familiar words: “Good job! You were so fluent!”  She also shared a secret with them—that those strategies “don’t always work, do they?” After 41 years, the internal conflict became unbearable.  “You’re a fraud,” her inner critic sneered. But this time, the Whisper turned supportive:  “You are enough.”  In a pivotal moment, she confronted her stutter.  “I’m Mandy,” the Whisper boldly announced. “I get to choose… I choose to stutter.”  The stories shared here are as diverse as the individuals telling them, yet they resonate with common themes of trauma responses with social anxiety.  Doug’s story Doug, a man nearing 70, revisited his stuttering journey after years of ignoring the metaphorical 800-pound gorilla—his stutter. Ignoring the gorilla was never completely   possible; its constant presence demanded acknowledgment on its own schedule. Avoidance came at a cost that could not always   be ignored. As a child, he felt like an outsider,   not sure why he couldn’t talk like everyone else. Peers’ laughter landed like daggers, and the discomfort of the waitstaff as he struggled to order a grilled cheese left him longing for silence.  “Never mind,” he would say, opting for soup instead. In eighth grade, fear gripped him at the prospect of presenting his poem. The silence stretched painfully, and when it was his turn to share a short story, his teacher offered him an out: “You don’t have to go.”  His relief was tainted by shame—what hurt more: stuttering in front of classmates or receiving special treatment that highlighted his differences? He chose a college path without foreign language requirements to sidestep anxiety. In graduate school, his peers’ reluctance to make the group’s presentation baffled him. “Why are you afraid? I’m the one who stutters!”  Stuttering became part of his identity; he passively   accepted it, refusing to let it fully define   him. This cycle of stuttering and avoidance dominated his life until he made one last attempt at therapy. Three weeks of intense fluency shaping worked, but like before, not for very long. The hard-earned goal of fluency quickly disappeared.  Decades later, when asked, “How has being a person who stutters improved your life?” he reflected on the intersection of struggle and growth, realizing he was not broken; he was not alone. Deciding to attend the NSA Annual Conference in Denver in 2025 felt monumental. Could facing the gorilla finally set him free? He envisioned embracing it, sharing stories, and wearing a T-shirt that boldly stated, “I stutter.” Connecting with others allowed him to appreciate the power of listening. One woman he met stuttered more severely than anyone he’d encountered, yet her insights and humor were vibrant.  For the first time, he pondered if social anxiety could be a survival response, leading him to an honest reflection: “YES.” Each narrative is shaped by individual experiences. The stories shared here reflect a willingness to confront fears and reject suffocating social anxiety responses. Yes, we stutter—but that’s just one piece of the complex puzzle of who we are. The trauma we’ve faced profoundly contributes to our identities and not just as negatives. On this path, we often find more victories than defeats, ultimately arriving at the realization: “I’m pretty terrific.”  Conclusion The heaviest burdens often take the longest to lift. Yet, in this journey of self-discovery and acceptance, we uncover our truest selves. The experiences here tell a different story from that of social anxiety. Look a little deeper than what you feel and more at what you have and will overcome. By facing our fears and embracing our stories, we step into a power that liberates us and inspires those around us. If you stutter, you are not alone! Find your people today at WeStutter.org/join-a-chapter . About the contributors Eldon Solomon is a CEO and a lifelong person who stutters, but he will tell you first that he is a husband of 38 years and a proud grandfather. For more than three decades, Eldon has served as a mental health counselor, dedicating over 33 years to helping individuals move beyond simply surviving and into truly thriving. His work has included leading veteran outreach initiatives, directing mental health clinics, and guiding people through some of their most vulnerable moments with compassion and clarity. After attending his first NSA Conference in 2023, Eldon felt something shift. He experienced firsthand the power of community and connection, and he knew he wanted to give back. Drawing on both his professional expertise and lived experience as a person who stutters, Eldon is passionate about supporting others as they navigate what he calls the “survival hijack” — those moments when fear takes the wheel and our authentic selves feel distant. He believes that every person who stutters has a powerful voice. Sometimes it just needs space, safety, and support to be fully heard. Based in Indiana, Eldon embodies a simple but powerful truth: it is never too late to build new bridges, deepen connection, and create meaningful change. Mandy Rodstrom is a person who stutters and a former school-based speech-language therapist with 20 years of experience supporting children and families. She is a passionate advocate for client- and family-centered, neurodiversity-affirming, and trauma-informed care, with a specialization in developmental stuttering. After more than 30 years as a covert stutterer, Mandy made the courageous decision to embrace her stutter openly. That shift not only transformed her personal journey, but also deepened her professional mission. Today, she runs her own private practice and teaches graduate-level courses on stuttering at several universities, equipping the next generation of clinicians with evidence-based knowledge and affirming approaches. Beyond her clinical and academic work, Mandy is deeply engaged in community advocacy. She serves as a Family Chapter Co-Leader in Washington DC with the National Stuttering Association and volunteers with Friends Who Stutter, SPACE Community and Arts, and The Stuttering Association for the Young. Through these spaces, she helps create connection, visibility, and belonging for people who stutter and their families. Outside of her professional life, Mandy finds joy in music, traveling, cooking, and spending time with her husband and three children. Her journey reflects a powerful truth: when we embrace our voices fully, we not only change our own lives, we help change the field itself. Doug Harris is a lifelong person who stutters, a husband, a father, and a retired architect living in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. For many years, Doug simply lived with his stutter, navigating both its challenges and its quiet strengths without actively engaging in the broader stuttering community. In 2024, that began to change. He intentionally reengaged in his journey, joining the Greenville, South Carolina chapter of the National Stuttering Association and stepping into deeper connection with others who share his experience. In 2025, Doug attended his first NSA Annual Conference in Denver. The promise of a “life-changing experience” often shared by longtime attendees did not disappoint. The sense of belonging, understanding, and shared growth met every expectation and then some. Shortly before the conference, Doug relocated from Western North Carolina to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where he began attending the Philadelphia NSA Chapter and continuing his adventure within the stuttering community. Now, Doug is helping organize an intergenerational discussion panel for the upcoming Charlotte conference, creating space for meaningful conversations across ages and experiences. His journey reflects something many people discover: it is never too late to lean in, reconnect, and find new depth in your voice and your community.

Written by Taylor Worsham, BA, NSA Community Manager As someone who lives less than five miles from Canada, going over for a day trip, shopping, or dinner is not a big deal and happens relatively frequently for me. However, being the person in the driver’s seat who deals with customs and their questions has never appealed to me because, well… I stutter and don’t handle authority very well.  However, the stuttering ID card from the National Stuttering Association (NSA)  recently helped me cross into/from Canada for the very first time by myself. I will be talking about my experience with using the ID card and how it has helped me.  Actually Deciding to Use the Stuttering ID Card I’ve been pulled over while driving before and accused of lying by a police officer. I have to believe that was partially due to my speech. As someone with a more prominent stutter, I generally find it extremely difficult to verbally disclose that I’m a person who stutters. The ID card allows me to disclose my stutter on my terms. And not only that, but the ID card features positive language around stuttering and explicitly tells people what to do (and what not to do).  To me, it was a no-brainer. I didn’t want any more negative reactions from or with authority. I printed it off, cut it out, and did a corny DIY lamination at home using tape for durability. Because I plan to use it primarily for interactions with law enforcement, I keep it in my car's glove box but plan to print another copy to keep in my wallet. Using the Stuttering ID Card to Cross for International Travel I’m approaching my 30s. I have never been to Canada by myself, despite having been there probably over 100 times. But I wanted to visit someone who lives in Canada and I didn’t want to inconvenience him (even though he offered to drive me) or the people around me by being my chauffeur. I knew this was something that I would probably have to do someday and that I should just get it out of the way now. I was terrified, not  at the thought of traveling internationally, but because I was afraid of how customs would react. I’ve been made fun of for my speech more times than I can count, even as an adult. I’ve even had nightmares about crossing the International Bridge. And if it’s any indication of how nervous I was, according to my Apple Watch, my heart rate was 128 while I was completely still.  But I kept remembering what Matice Morris said during her speech at the NSA’s 2023 Annual Conference: “Feel the fear and do it anyway. Do the thing that scares you the most, and you’ll see that fear is only a mental mountain, where, on the other side, is confidence.”  So I swallowed my fear and did it. I told myself over and over, aloud, “I can do this. I can do this. I can do this.”  Crossing the International Bridge & Dealing With Customs I drove up to the toll booth to pay the $4.50 toll. The woman asked me how I was doing that day.  “Grrrreat!” I said, clearly stuttering.  She gave me an odd look and started chuckling as she was running my card.  “Did you have your Frosted Flakes this morning or what?”  “You know what, yes, I did!”  Both of us started laughing. Hey, I’ll take this over someone blatantly mocking me… and I can appreciate a good joke. And as Mike Molino said, if you take everything too seriously, why bother? I pressed on and drove across the nearly 3-mile International Bridge into Canada. Nobody was waiting in line at the port of entry. I got right in. I took a deep breath and started recording on my phone just in case. I pulled up to the window to talk to customs. It was a friendly-looking older gentleman. I decided to be very mindful of how I presented the ID card. I handed it over first, waited a moment, then gave him my passport.  “Where are you from?” he asked me first.  I answered with my city and state. My stutter was certainly making itself known. It probably took me 30 seconds or more to say only four words. I was very  nervous.  “Where are you going?” he asked me.  I answered.  “Have a good day,” he said and handed me my ID card and passport back.  “Thank you.”  Returning to the US that evening was also equally as easy. I pulled up and handed the nice-looking woman the ID card first, then my passport.  “What were you doing over in Canada?” she asked first.  “Visiting a friend.”  “Where does your friend live?”  I answered succinctly with the city in which my friend lives. “Just for the day?”  “Yes.”  “Are you bringing anything back?”  “No.”  (When you pull up to the booth to talk to customs, a picture of your car shows up on the officer’s screen. My license plate clearly relates to stuttering and she said, “Fair enough,” which we both found a little funny.) “Welcome home.”  “Thank you.”  Paying the toll back into the US was easy and nothing really happened there. These experiences were both super easy and I honestly have the ID card and the fact that customs was so kind to thank for that.  Conclusion A few years ago, I never  would’ve thought I would be able to do anything like this. And that’s not an understatement. I felt so much shame and so much stigma around my stutter that I pretended like it didn’t exist. I let it hold me back. I let it define who I was and what I did. However, since finding the NSA and finding acceptance, I am constantly doing things that I never thought possible.  The stuttering ID card made a potentially stressful situation into one of ease and mutual understanding. Not only is this card important for me to easily disclose to people as a person who stutters, but it’s also important for the listener so they are not caught off guard or make false assumptions about me or the situation. When you’re dealing with law enforcement, the stakes are so much higher and misunderstandings can escalate quickly.  This ID card is an extremely mutually beneficial tool that, in my opinion, every person who stutters should have. You can get yours here .

When Ryan Millager, PhD, CCC-SLP, received the National Stuttering Association’s (NSA) Graduate Student Research Award (GSRA) in 2022, he was just over two years into his PhD program at Vanderbilt University. His research focused on young children who stutter and their interactions with their parents, and he originally had modest expectations for the project. “I originally planned for the GSRA to cover a small pilot study,” Dr. Millager said. “But that pilot study was a huge success and turned into my dissertation project.” That turning point shaped everything that followed. The GSRA funding supported both his data collection and travel to present his findings at conferences. Those opportunities opened doors beyond the research itself. In 2024, Dr. Millager used award funds to travel to Seattle for a conference experience that would shift his career trajectory. “The conversations I had with other researchers there inspired me to start my job search early,” Dr. Millager said, “which led directly to me getting a dream job this year!” Since completing the project, Dr. Millager has defended his dissertation and accepted a position as an Assistant Professor at Rush University. He has presented his GSRA-related research at conferences in Austin, Seattle, Nashville, and Oxford, UK, with additional presentations planned in Washington, DC, and Chicago. Journal publications are also in progress. At Rush, Dr. Millager will continue building on the research the GSRA helped launch. His role will include expanding studies that increase support for children who stutter and their parents, teaching master’s students training to become speech-language pathologists, and developing clinical services to support people who stutter in the Chicago area. His work remains grounded in community impact. His research aims to strengthen support systems for children who stutter and their families, and his clinical teaching emphasizes the importance of listening to and centering the lived experiences of people who stutter. Dr. Millager’s journey shows how one investment in graduate research can grow into something far larger than a single study. It can shape a dissertation, launch a career, build services, strengthen the field, and, most importantly, expand meaningful support for people who stutter and their families. “Thank you to the NSA for directly funding my research,” Dr. Millager said. “I am particularly proud to have my dissertation funded by the NSA, an organization that first taught me about stuttering allyship.” Learn more about the GSRA

When you stutter, it’s easy to feel like you’re the only one. The general public may not understand stuttering, and that misunderstanding can leave people who stutter feeling isolated or invisible. But one thing truly changes everything: community. At the National Stuttering Association (NSA) , we know how powerful and impactful a community can be. The NSA community begins at the local level, in our chapters across the country, where people who stutter come together to be seen, heard, and understood. Why NSA Chapters Matter NSA Chapters are more than just “support groups.” These meetings are safe spaces where people who stutter of all ages and their families can be themselves without the pressure to be fluent. There is zero pressure to speak a certain way or an expectation to explain yourself. At NSA Chapter meetings, we engage in conversations, foster shared understanding, and create strength in numbers: “I started my NSA Chapter in Exton, Pennsylvania, because there were no stuttering resources available in the Philadelphia suburbs. The nearest chapter was in Philadelphia and was for adults only. I created my Adults & Family chapter to show children that they can succeed as adults who stutter and to provide a safe space for PWS of all ages.” — Lexi Hewitt, NSA Exton NSA Chapters provide emotional relief by reminding people who stutter that they are not broken, not defined by their fluency, and they’re not alone. For the first time in their life, they belong to something bigger—a community that finally understands  them. The Power of Shared Experience Every time a person who stutters hears someone speak openly about their stuttering journey, it helps alleviate the heavy burden of shame and isolation. It can help create an environment for self-acceptance.  NSA Chapter meetings are places where individuals practice saying their names without apologizing for stuttering, where people try public speaking in an encouraging environment, and where parents and caregivers learn that they don’t need to “fix” their child: “I had a mother and father reach out to me with concerns for their child. They were worried because he was not socializing, was choosing to attend classes virtually, and was thinking of dropping out of school due to all the presentations he was supposed to give. This mother and father ended up attending my monthly meeting, and we had a lengthy discussion. They told me their son was reluctant to come to a meeting, so they would share my information with him and ‘we’ll see.’ He ended up reaching out, and we set up a day/time to meet for coffee. We chatted for about an hour on stuttering, college in general, presentations, life transitions, and the NSA Conference. He never came to an ‘official’ meeting, but he and his parents attended their first NSA Conference that year (in St. Louis). After the Conference, his mother told me on the drive home that they actually talked about stuttering, which is something they rarely did. She reported that she viewed stuttering in a different light now after hearing from others who stutter and their families.”  — Amanda Elias, Monroe, LA/RCC for Mid-Atlantic Region More Than Just Monthly Meetings Some people might think NSA Chapters are just for practicing various speaking situations, but they’re so much more than that. They are where lifelong friendships begin, hard conversations occur, and people feel heard and supported—sometimes for the first time  in someone’s life: “In 2012, I had searched the NSA website and found that there was an NSA Chapter in Morgantown, West Virginia. As a 400-mile round trip, it was far, but it was the closest NSA Chapter to me. I took half a day off work and made the drive… I seriously considered not attending the meeting; I could just drive back home, and no one would be the wiser. I finally talked myself into going in, and I’m glad I did. The meeting was great, it was the first time in my life that I was in a room with other people who stutter, and I must say it was life-changing. For the first time, I didn’t feel alone; I felt heard, not judged. For the first time, I knew that I wasn’t the only one trying to navigate stuttering on a day-to-day basis. I made the trip to Morgantown as much as I could for a year or so. I felt so validated, heard, and understood. I wanted to provide the same feeling to other people who stutter in my corner of West Virginia! I vowed to try to start an NSA Chapter in the Charleston/Huntington, West Virginia area someday. With the help of my Chapter Co-Leader, Dr. Jamie Maxwell, it finally happened.”  — Bryan Matthews, Charleston/Huntington, West Virginia And thanks to virtual NSA Chapters and NSA Connects, geography is no longer a barrier. Anyone, anywhere, can find a space to connect with others who understand the stuttering experience. A Place for Every Voice We offer a range of NSA Chapters for adults, teens, and families, each bringing its own unique energy. What unites them all is the belief that people who stutter deserve spaces that validate and affirm them and help them thrive . Some NSA Chapters focus on play and connection for kids. Others create a safe space for adults to unpack years of hiding and difficult experiences. Educators and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can learn more about stuttering and how to best serve their students and clients who stutter. Family Chapters invite parents and siblings into the conversation, helping the whole household grow together. “When I looked around my community, I realized there wasn’t an NSA Chapter for children who stutter, and I knew that if I wanted my daughter and other kids to have a supportive space, I would have to build it myself… Starting our NSA Chapter pushed me far beyond my comfort zone, but it also transformed me into a stronger and more compassionate advocate. The experience has allowed me to connect with families, raise awareness through public speaking, and create meaningful conversations within our community. Most importantly, it’s inspired me to keep learning about the diverse experiences of people who stutter, so that I can represent and serve this community in a positive, affirming, and empowering way.”  — Molly Portzel, Co-Chapter Leader of St. Louis Family Chapter NSA Chapter Leaders: Leading with Courage & Compassion Chapter Leaders are the heart of the NSA. They lead these groups with vulnerability and strength. Many are people who stutter themselves, using their experience to uplift others. Others are family members, SLPs, or allies committed to making a difference: “I became a Family Chapter Leader because I wanted to connect with parents of children who stutter and show them that their kids will be just fine. I hoped to be an example that people who stutter can lead successful, meaningful lives while also encouraging parents to fully support and embrace their children.”  — Mitchell Portzel, Co-Chapter Leader, St. Louis Family Chapter Leadership at the NSA isn’t about being fluent. Being a Chapter Leader is often a vulnerable experience when you lead and facilitate a conversation in a room full of strangers, but you demonstrate to your attendees that individuals who stutter can hold leadership roles!  Why This Matters When people who stutter find each other, shame fades, confidence grows, and a sense of belonging takes root. That’s what our NSA Chapters make possible for people who stutter across the nation. And it’s why they’re essential—not optional—for building a world where people who stutter are supported and empowered: “It is tremendously valuable and freeing to be in a space with people who understand what it is like to live life with a stutter. We all have different backgrounds and experiences, and we even express our stutters differently, but there is a common thread that links us all together. The sense of community is priceless.”  — Lisa Greenleaf, Co-Chapter Leader, Boston Adult & Boston Family Chapters Want to get involved? Find an NSA Chapter Interested in starting one? Learn more about becoming a Chapter Leader Support our work . Help us continue to build spaces where people who stutter feel seen and supported. No one should have to navigate stuttering alone. And with your help, they won’t.

The Krishnan and Yegneswaran Family College Scholarship from the National Stuttering Association (NSA) provides financial assistance to college students who stutter, supporting their educational goals while advancing our mission. This scholarship recognizes students who demonstrate academic commitment, leadership potential, and a connection to the stuttering community. Staying connected with scholarship recipients and following their journeys is one of the most meaningful parts of this program. We are proud to share updates from several recent recipients and highlight the incredible work they continue to do!  Aspen Jester (2025 Scholarship Recipient) Aspen Jester When Aspen Jester received her NSA scholarship, she was pursuing her Master of Science in Clinical Speech-Language Pathology at Northern Arizona University. Since then, Aspen has continued expanding her impact on the stuttering community through advocacy, education, research, and leadership.  How has receiving the NSA scholarship impacted your college experience or career journey? The scholarship gave me the freedom to focus more fully on stuttering advocacy, education, and clinical growth without added financial stress. It encouraged me to pursue opportunities I may not have stepped into otherwise, like presenting to undergraduate students, starting campus initiatives, and connecting with professionals. What accomplishments are you most proud of during college or since graduation? Over the past year, I presented to undergraduate Communication Sciences and Disorders students about supporting people who stutter and participated in research and therapy related to stuttering. This fall, I’m launching an NSA Adult Chapter, one of the most meaningful projects I’ve taken on. Were there opportunities this scholarship opened up for you that you didn’t expect? This scholarship gave me the chance to build meaningful connections with people who stutter all over the country through NSA Chapter meetings, podcasts, and research studies. Those relationships have shaped my confidence and vision for the future. It also gave me the support I needed to take on leadership roles I didn’t anticipate so soon. How has being part of the NSA community shaped your perspective or goals? The NSA community has shown me the power of connection and storytelling. I’ve seen how sharing experiences as people who stutter builds understanding and community. This has shaped my goals beyond clinical work by helping create spaces where people who stutter feel heard and supported. What advice would you give to future NSA scholarship applicants? Be open to the unexpected ways this support can shape your journey. The scholarship is more than financial help; it’s encouragement to share your story and pursue opportunities that align with your passions. Looking back, what does receiving this scholarship mean to you personally? To me, the scholarship represents trust and belief, not only in my potential, but in the future impact I hope to make as both a person who stutters and as a clinician. It gave me the space to grow, connect, and move forward with more confidence and purpose. Eddie Brown (2025 Recipient) Eddie Brown Eddie Brown received his NSA scholarship while pursuing his PhD in Speech and Hearing Science with a focus on stuttering neurophysiology, variability, and treatment effectiveness. Eddie continues to make meaningful contributions through research, teaching, and leadership.  How has receiving the NSA scholarship impacted your college experience or career journey? The scholarship provided financial relief and a sense of affirmation at a critical time in my academic journey. It has allowed me to dedicate more energy to research, teaching, and professional development. It has also been a moral reminder that the NSA community believes in and supports the future of people who stutter. What accomplishments are you most proud of during college or since graduation? I am currently a fifth-year PhD student in Audiology & Speech Pathology at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center. In 2025, I received my college's Dean Award, which recognizes a graduate student who has excelled academically and has either overcome tremendous odds to be successful or has consistently made contributions that benefit others. In 2023, I was named to Knoxville’s 40 Under 40, a recognition awarded to young professionals making significant contributions to their communities, which was especially meaningful. Were there opportunities this scholarship opened up for you that you didn’t expect? The scholarship gave me the confidence to pursue opportunities that felt “bigger than me” at the time. It encouraged me to apply for travel awards to conferences and collaborate with leaders in the field. That initial recognition from the NSA pushed me to believe my voice and contributions matter in both research and clinical practice. How has being part of the NSA community shaped your perspective or goals? The NSA community has been a foundation of belonging for me. It has shown me that stuttering is a diverse human experience. This perspective shapes my research, teaching, and therapy program design. My goal is to carry that same empowerment forward to others who stutter through both science and clinical practice. What advice would you give to future NSA scholarship applicants? I would encourage them to apply even if they feel hesitant or unsure if their story is “enough.” The NSA values authenticity, not perfection. Share your journey, your goals, and how the scholarship would make a difference. Looking back, what does receiving this scholarship mean to you personally? It means validation that my identity as a person who stutters is not a limitation but a source of strength. The scholarship was one of the first moments I felt seen, not just for my academic potential, but for my lived experience. It continues to remind me that I am part of a community that believes in supporting each other’s dreams. It pushes me to work harder for those whose voices have been overlooked or diminished. It also pushes me to be the best Chapter Leader that I can be. Kaela Coye (2024 Recipient) Kaela Coye Kaela Coye received her NSA scholarship while completing her Bachelor of Arts in Language, Speech, and Hearing Sciences and is now pursuing her Master’s in Speech-Language Pathology at the University of South Florida. Kaela continues to pursue her goal of becoming a clinician who helps create positive and empowering experiences for people who stutter.  How has receiving the NSA scholarship impacted your college experience or career journey? As a low-income student with lofty goals, my education has relied on grants and scholarships. As a person who stutters and an aspiring speech-language pathologist, the scholarship made it possible for me to continue my education. What accomplishments are you most proud of during college or since graduation? The scholarship was given to me for my BA in Language, Speech, and Hearing Sciences. Thanks to the NSA, I am happy to say that I finished my degree and have moved on to pursuing my MS in Speech-Language Pathology. Were there opportunities this scholarship opened up for you that you didn’t expect? I was able to attend the University of South Florida, home to an incredible speech clinic and knowledgeable and supportive professors. Without this support, I would not have had the opportunity to participate in such a rigorous and enriching program. How has being part of the NSA community shaped your perspective or goals? Each year at the NSA Conference, I hear about how many people who stutter have been hurt and disappointed by SLPs. I hope to be the SLP who changes this track record, inspires people who stutter to advocate for themselves, and speak openly and fearlessly. What advice would you give to future NSA scholarship applicants? Go for it. The NSA is here to empower students who stutter to reach their fullest potential because we are capable of achieving everything we dream of. Looking back, what does receiving this scholarship mean to you personally? Receiving the scholarship from the NSA has helped me realize that there are people who not only believe in me but also believe in people who stutter around the world and their ability to succeed and flourish in anything they put their minds to. Aspen, Eddie, and Kaela are just a few examples of what becomes possible when students who stutter are supported, believed in, and empowered. If you are a college student who stutters, learn more about the scholarship and how to apply at WeStutter.org/kyfcs .

Contributor: Lexi Hewitt, Certified School Counselor and PWS Talking to children about stuttering can feel intimidating, especially if you’re unsure how to start the conversation. If you're having trouble beginning discussions about stuttering with younger kids, you’re in luck! The National Stuttering Association (NSA) offers helpful tools to make these potentially difficult talks easier and to create a supportive and inclusive environment, whether your child stutters or just knows someone who does. Keep It Honest & Simple When Talking to Children About Stuttering When talking to kids, keep your explanation clear, easy to understand, and positive. For example: “Stuttering is when someone has trouble speaking smoothly or getting their words out. It might sound like they repeat words, stretch out sounds, or get stuck trying to say something. Some people speak differently, and that’s okay!” This phrasing helps children recognize that stuttering isn’t “wrong” or “bad”; it’s simply a different way of communicating. Kids need to understand that stuttering is normal and that people who stutter are just as intelligent, kind, and unique as anyone else they interact with daily.  Use Age-Appropriate Language With Children About Stuttering For younger children and their developmental stage, metaphors work well to explain stuttering: “Words can be like cars in traffic - sometimes they get slowed down for a moment, but they still keep moving!” Older children are capable of understanding more abstract and complex ideas. They can realize that stuttering occurs when the brain and speech muscles are not perfectly synchronized. It is not due to nervousness or a lack of understanding on the part of the person who stutters.  Share Real-Life Examples From Children Who Stutter Sharing authentic stories can help children connect and develop empathy for people who stutter. Sisters Who Stutter  is a teenage-led organization that hosts monthly Zoom meetings for girls who stutter, where they can come together and share their experiences. Watch as members of Sisters Who Stutter  discuss their journeys of growing up with a stutter in this video . Hearing personal stories from people who stutter demonstrates to children, regardless of whether they stutter, that these individuals are resilient and brave for sharing their experiences.  Encourage Empathy & Respect We can teach children how to respond when someone is stuttering, while demonstrating kindness and understanding: Avoid asking why  someone stutters or talks the way they do Listen without interrupting  Avoid finishing the sentence for them Show interest in what the person is saying by nodding your head and making eye contact during conversations (also known as active listening) During the conversation, you might say things like “We all want to be heard” or emphasize that “The best response when someone is speaking is to be respectful, kind, and attentive by listening, regardless of whether they stutter or not.”  Normalize Stuttering as Part of Human Diversity Stuttering is just one of the many ways people are unique. Let your child know: “Just like some people have curly hair or wear glasses, some people have different ways of talking. That’s what makes the world interesting!” You can point out that many famous people who stutter, such as rapper Kendrick Lamar, author Lewis Carroll, and film director Ari Aster. Their stuttering didn’t stop them from sharing their voices with the world. Be Ready to Answer Questions Honestly Kids are naturally curious! If they ask, “Why do some people stutter?” you can say: “Scientists think stuttering happens because of how their brains work, and how they struggle to connect to the speaking parts of their bodies. It’s not because someone is scared or doesn’t know what to say. And it’s definitely not anyone’s fault!” If you don’t know the answer, that’s okay! You can open the dialogue by saying: “I’m not sure, but let’s learn and look it up together.” Share Stories From the Stuttering Community For example, consider how Codi Lamb, founder of Melanin Stutter Queens, talks about stuttering  with her young niece: “I wanted her to know that stuttering doesn’t make me any less smart or capable. It’s just part of who I am. When I explained it like that, she got it right away—and she’s been one of my biggest supporters ever since.” Hearing voices like this helps kids see that stuttering is just one part of a person’s story. Find Books & Videos to Share Children’s books like “I Talk Like a River”  by Jordan Scott, a poet and children's author who stutters, and “Zoya the Stuttering Star”  by Sathvega Somasundaram, a high school student who stutters, depict stuttering in a positive, empowering light.  Watching videos of kids and adults who stutter can also help normalize the experience and promote understanding and inclusion. For example, the inclusive YouTube series  “Special Books by Special Kids”  featured Mollie Davis this year, who is currently studying to become a lawyer and openly stutters. Keep the Conversation Open Let your child know it’s okay to keep asking questions and to talk about stuttering whenever they want: “It’s okay if you don't know the exact words or actions to take when someone stutters. What truly matters is listening to their message and showing them kindness and respect.” Why These Conversations Matter When we talk openly about stuttering, we show kids that everyone’s voice matters - no matter how it sounds. We teach them that respect and empathy are more important than fluency. And we create communities where people who stutter can feel accepted, supported, and heard. Whether your child stutters or is learning how to support a friend or family member who does, these conversations help shape a more inclusive, understanding world. Want to Learn More? Visit the National Stuttering Association’s resources for families and educators at WeStutter.org .

Comedian. America’s Got Talent finalist. Advocate. Drew Lynch has worn many hats, but the constant in everything he does is leading with vulnerability. Known for his comedy and conversations about living with a stutter, Drew has become one of the most visible stuttering role models in today’s mainstream media. His work opens doors for deeper understanding around stuttering and what it means to truly be heard. Drew proves that stuttering and confidence can coexist, that public speaking with a stutter is actually possible, and that embracing your stutter doesn’t mean limiting your ambition. The National Stuttering Association (NSA) had the opportunity to talk to Drew through his PR team. In this blog post, he reflects on how developing a neurogenic stutter reshaped not only his career but also the way he expresses who he is. “Stuttering changed me for the better because it taught me to have compassion while listening,” Drew said. “Some people might take a little more time to communicate their thoughts, but that doesn't make it any less valid. It took me experiencing mistreatment in that regard first hand to have grace for both the person struggling to speak, and the person struggling to listen—because I've been both.” How Drew Lynch Turned Stuttering Into Awareness and Advocacy Drew developed his stutter as a young adult after a softball hit him in the throat, which resulted in paralyzed vocal cords, a traumatic brain injury, and a concussion. He was then diagnosed with a neurogenic stutter. This was a life-altering shift that required him to communicate in an entirely different way. But rather than closing him off, it expanded his awareness of how quickly people judge communication. That compassion carries directly into his comedy. His stand-up makes room for pauses and moments that don’t follow a script perfectly. In doing so, he challenges audiences to rethink what “good communication” actually looks like—and who gets to define it. “The biggest misconception in my experience with stuttering as a comedian is that I'm terrified to stutter,” he said. “I try to surrender to the idea that I'm never fully in control, which takes some pressure off of ‘expectation’… I'm okay with you seeing me at my best and I'm okay with you seeing me be vulnerable, because when I'm vulnerable is when I'm at my best.” Stuttering and Stand-Up Comedy: Letting Go of Control on Stage For many comedians who stutter, perfect timing can feel like both a tool and a threat. Drew’s approach flips that tension on its head. Instead of fighting for control, he allows unpredictability to exist on stage. That surrender, he says, removes pressure—and often leads to a deeper connection with his audience. That connection helps explain why Drew’s work resonates far beyond the stuttering community. His fan base includes many people who don’t stutter, yet those people still see themselves reflected in his fear, self-doubt, and desire to be understood. “I care about people, regardless of whether they know who I am,” Drew said. “I'm not better than anyone. I don't have all the answers. Every day I struggle—maybe just like you do—to be myself because I'm scared I might fail.” When Stuttering Moments Matter More Than the Joke Some of Drew’s most meaningful moments on stage weren’t planned at all. During stretches when his fluency was far less consistent, audiences responded not with discomfort, but patience. They waited and stayed present. Those moments reinforced something many people who stutter rarely experience in public spaces: a sense of safety. The freedom to take time to talk at your own pace without fear of being dismissed. Representation of communication differences and disabilities in media is about modeling how audiences can respond. “It made the imperfect moments that much more human, and it made the fun ones that much more victorious,” he said. “It was nice to feel like if I took a moment to fall, I still had a net.” In an emotional video of Drew becoming frustrated with his stutter, he pulled back the curtain on the emotional and physical toll of living with a stutter. For many people who stutter, that honesty made sense. It thrust into the spotlight the exhaustion and the grief of being a person who stutters. “I was lucky my wife understood what the moment needed,” he said, referring to the video. “She sees so much more behind closed doors that cannot be explained. She sees the days where I can't get out of bed because I already lost. She sees what happens when I shut down. She sees the physical exhaustion as a result from the mental fight. My team encouraged me to post that video because the world might not fully understand what even happens in the life of a stutterer, or the volatility that comes with losing progress you thought was behind you.” Stuttering Is More Than What You Hear As a fierce stuttering advocate, Drew makes it clear that stuttering is only one part of who he is. When his stutter shows up, he said he worries that people focus more on how he’s communicating than on what he’s actually saying—an experience many people who stutter know all too well. But letting go of that pressure requires a shift. Drew learned that other people’s interpretations were never something he could control, and once he accepted that, stuttering lost some of its power over him. “We're just trying to communicate that we're so much more than that,” he said. “And that's why the power stuttering had over me could only be relinquished when I accepted that their perception is out of my control. And therefore not my responsibility.” Comedy as Advocacy: Creating Space for Different Communication Styles Looking ahead, Drew hopes his visibility continues to create space for different communication styles, patience, and understanding that not everyone operates the same exact way. He believes progress starts when we accept what we don’t yet understand, and allow room for people to show up as they are. “Give people the space to be who they are. Don't fault them for when they can't operate the same way. Everyone is just doing their best.” When asked if he had anything to say directly to the stuttering community, Drew says this: “I see you. I hear you. I am with you.” Watch Drew Lynch’s Stand-Up Drew’s stand-up continues to reflect his lived experience with stuttering, vulnerability, and humor. Watching his performances offers a powerful reminder that effective communication comes in many forms — and that laughter can open doors to understanding. Explore Drew Lynch’s full video collection To learn more about stuttering, visit WeStutter.org.

For families of children who stutter, having support can be a game-changer. The National Stuttering Association (NSA) provides a vibrant community, life-changing programs, and a deep well of encouragement for those who stutter. Whether you’re a parent, guardian, sibling, or another important figure in a child’s life, the NSA stands ready to help you foster confidence, connection, and understanding in your child who stutters. Why a Supportive Home Environment Matters Support at home is critical. A nurturing environment can profoundly impact a child’s communication skills and self-esteem. Families armed with the right tools and a supportive network are better equipped to encourage self-expression without fear or pressure. They learn to respond thoughtfully to moments of stuttering and help their child embrace self-acceptance. Remember, fluent speech isn’t the only way to have a strong voice in the world. Embracing Self-Acceptance Teaching a child to accept their stutter is pivotal. When families create a safe space for self-expression, children feel more comfortable. They learn that communicating their thoughts is more important than speaking flawlessly. This acceptance not only boosts confidence but also encourages honest conversations about their feelings and experiences. Tackling Anxiety and Misconceptions Head-On Parenting a child who stutters often comes with a suitcase full of questions and concerns. The NSA steps in to separate myths from facts. They help families understand that stuttering is a natural way of communicating and not something that needs fixing. With this knowledge, families can move past anxiety and create a path forward grounded in confidence and resilience. Building Knowledge and Awareness Knowledge empowers parents. By educating themselves about stuttering, they can secure a better future for their children. Understanding that many famous people have stuttered—including actors, politicians, and musicians—can inspire both parents and children. They learn that stuttering does not limit one’s potential. The Power of Community: Connecting with Other Families The journey is easier (and a lot less lonely) when families connect with others walking a similar path. Through the NSA, families can share stories, lean on seasoned mentors, and build lasting friendships. Connection is vital for emotional well-being, and sharing experiences creates a support system that thrives. Sharing Stories for Healing When families gather and share their stories, healing occurs. Understanding that others face similar challenges helps parents feel less isolated. Listening to different perspectives broadens their outlook and gives them valuable insights into navigating the ups and downs of life with stuttering. Programs That Make a Difference The NSA offers several ways for families to dive into community and support. NSA Chapters, available both in-person and virtually, serve as welcoming spaces where those who stutter and their families can share experiences and find encouragement. These groups are led by trained Chapter Leaders who truly understand the journey. Parents can also gain practical tips for supporting their children at school, in social situations, and at home. Empowering Families through Programs Programs designed for each family member ensure everyone is included. Parents can learn new skills to help their children thrive, while kids interact with peers who understand and share their experiences. The growth and interactions foster resilience and a sense of belonging. The Annual NSA Conference: A Life-Changing Experience The Annual NSA Conference is another transformative experience. Families gather for days filled with workshops, social events, and heartfelt moments that linger long after the conference ends. Parents gain insights from fellow parents, caregivers, speech-language pathologists (SLPs), and adults who stutter. Kids and teens enjoy their own empowering programming tailored to their age group. Even siblings and extended family members participate in sessions that help them understand and support the stuttering journey. Creating Lasting Connections The bonds formed during the conference can last a lifetime. Families leave with new friends and essential resources to continue their journey together. These connections are pivotal for ongoing support and advocacy. Local Events: Big Impact, Close to Home Local one-day NSA events are another excellent way to dip your toes into the community pool. Hosted across the country, these events offer kids, teens, and their families a chance to engage with others who share similar experiences without needing to book a week off work. Attending local events can be the first step toward building a strong support network. Virtual Support for Parents & Caregivers For families who prefer to gather in the comfort of their living rooms, the NSA’s Parents & Caregivers Virtual Chapter meets monthly online. Co-led by a parent of a person who stutters and an SLP, this group provides a safe and welcoming space for individuals to share their experiences. Members can seek advice and connect with others on a similar journey. Additionally, the NSA Connects webinar series offers free expert sessions on school accommodations, IEPs, and building resilience, providing a valuable resource for parents of children who stutter. Check out the NSA Parents and Caregivers Virtual Chapter Refer to the NSA events listing for more virtual options, including our NSA Connects sessions, as well as in-person events near you. School Advocacy: Helping Families and Children Speak Up When it comes to navigating school life, the NSA supports parents and guardians. With educational resources and advocacy guides, families learn how to collaborate with teachers and administrators to create inclusive environments and secure the right support plans. Advocacy is about empowering children to find their own voice—one that’s heard, respected, and celebrated. Frequently Asked Questions About NSA’s Family Programs Q: How can I find an NSA Family Chapter near me? A: Use the NSA Chapter Locator and filter for Family Chapters to find a local or virtual group that fits your schedule and needs. Q: Are NSA programs only for children who stutter, or can the whole family participate? A: NSA programs are designed for the entire family. Parents, siblings, and caregivers are encouraged to participate in support groups, conferences, and events. Q: How much do NSA programs cost? A: Many NSA programs, including support groups and NSA Connects webinars, are free. The annual conference and specialized events may have registration fees, but financial assistance is available. Q: Can my child attend an NSA support group even if they are shy? A: Absolutely! NSA groups create a safe and encouraging environment. Participation is always voluntary, allowing children to take their time getting comfortable before speaking. Q: How can I help my child advocate for themselves at school? A: NSA provides educational materials and advocacy guidance to help children develop self-advocacy skills. Parents can also work with school staff to implement accommodations that support their child’s communication needs. How to Get Involved with the NSA 1. Join an NSA Family Chapter Find a local or virtual chapter through the NSA Chapter Locator and filter by Family Chapters. 2. Attend an NSA Event Whether it’s an annual conference, 1-Day Conference, or local meetup, attending events is a great way to connect with other families. Read about our events on the NSA website! 3. Access NSA’s Online Resources Visit WeStutter.org for webinars, advocacy tools, and educational materials designed to support families and individuals affected by stuttering. 4. Spread Awareness Help reduce stigma and increase understanding by sharing NSA’s mission and resources within your community and schools. Building a Future Where Every Voice Matters The journey of raising a child who stutters can be rich with growth, joy, and connection. The NSA stands ready to walk with families every step of the way, offering tools, community, and hope needed to ensure that every child who stutters knows their voice is valuable. If you seek guidance, community, or a place where you and your child are already enough, the NSA is waiting with open arms. Join a Family Chapter, hop on a Virtual Chapter call, attend a webinar, or explore the resources at WeStutter.org.

As too many of us may have experienced, stuttering is often misunderstood in professional environments. Enough people, especially those who parade their suits around the office and earn considerable salaries, assume that smooth, fast, and uninterrupted speech is the golden standard for communication; anything that wavers from this norm must be a sign of uncertainty, nervousness, or lack of competence. Even some people in settings that are less high-stakes may base their understanding of stuttering on the various myths that degrade the true experiences of People Who Stutter. Analogies can nurture healthy workplace mindsets by giving colleagues or employers a new way to understand what stuttering  actually  is and isn’t, without the long-winded scientific vocabulary or context. Unless our coworkers are willing to study the neurological research associated with stuttering and spend time reading about the diverse experiences we endure, the relatability of stuttering may be challenging. It is our responsibility as PWS to spread awareness and educate the public using simple words that encourage connection-making. Advocacy in the professional setting can look quite casual. Children who stutter may discover age-appropriate books that already offer analogies to help them understand their bodies’ unique way of speaking. A popular children’s book circulating the shelves of libraries is “ I Talk Like A River ,” (2020) written by Jordan Scott and illustrated by Sydney Smith. This story’s character reflects Scott’s childhood experience. The boy listens to the river, noting how it’s “bubbling, whirling, churning, and crashing.” Whether you believe your stutter to be similar to the textured terrain of a river or like the speech bubble that is colored with chalky, white swirls on the cover of “ When Oliver Speaks ” by Kimberly Garvin and Saadiq Wicks (2017), analogies cause you to know your stutter in simple, imagery-provoking words. A common exercise to “ponder” and “visualize” your stutter is to paint a canvas using the colors representative of the feelings that arise from a block or repeated sound. It may be rare that adults are assigned this task, but if you take the time to reflect, this practice may be just as insightful for adults navigating various relationships, important responsibilities, and the bustling workplace. Stuttering Analogies Here are several analogy-based perspectives that help reframe stuttering as a natural variation to communication rather than a problem to fix. While reading, brainstorm which one best suits you and your stutter! The point of creating an analogy is to convey an individualized/personalized experience: Stuttering Is Like Waiting For An Elevator You press the button, and sometimes the elevator arrives instantly. Other times, there is a pause on another floor before coming to you. Either way, you trust that it will show up – just like a stuck word or sentence. Stuttering Is Like A GPS Recalculating A GPS may briefly pause while recalculating, but the route still works. Stuttering moments can feel like the brain choosing the next “path” for the word.  Stuttering Is Like A Musical Rest In sheet music, a rest isn’t a mistake. The rest is intentional space that shapes the flow and rhythm of the piece being played. A silence doesn’t diminish the message.  Stuttering Is Like Snow Falling Some snowflurries drift in perfectly, others land in little clusters. Overall, the pattern is natural and beautiful. Not all moments of speech look the same. Stuttering Is Like A Loyal Old Car It may take an extra moment to start, but once it’s going, it’s steady and reliable. A slow start doesn’t define the entire ride. Stuttering often appears most at the beginning of words or conversations. Stuttering Is Like A Plant Growing Some plants bloom quickly while others bloom slowly. Communication unfolds at individual speeds; growth and contribution aren’t diminished by timing differences. Stuttering Is Like A Puzzle Piece Once that puzzle piece that needs an extra second to click into place fits snug between the others, the picture is complete. Speech may need an extra beat. No one throws away a puzzle because one piece was a little more challenging than the rest. Stuttering Is Like A Flickering Candle The candle’s flame may hesitate, but it doesn’t go out. External pressure – not internal weakness – creates the tiny flicker.  Stuttering Is Like A Turnstile You pause, push, and continue. Pauses are part of the mechanism. Stuttering Is Like Raindrops On A Window The raindrops might pause, merge, or reroute. Then, the raindrops continue on their paths. Stuttering has a natural unpredictability.  Stuttering in the workplace isn’t a barrier to communication. It’s simply one of the many different approaches to speaking. By using analogies to explain the experience, we foster room for colleagues to understand stuttering with more accuracy. Not to mention empathy and equanimity. In the end, better understanding leads to enhanced collaboration, stronger teams, and a culture where everyone is heard. We should allow Scott’s character to positively shape our mindsets. The boy proudly exclaims, “This is how my mouth moves. This is how I speak.” Citations Garven, K. & Wicks, S. (2017). When Oliver speaks. Indigo River Publishing. Scott, J. (2020). I talk like a river. Neal Porter Books.

For decades, parents of young children who stutter have been given familiar but unhelpful tips: slow down your speech, pause more, ask fewer questions, and simplify what you say. These suggestions appear everywhere—from clinic handouts to online forums—and are usually offered with the best intentions.  But do they actually  make a difference? Nan Bernstein Ratner Nan Bernstein Ratner, distinguished researcher and recipient of the National Stuttering Association’s (NSA) 2022 CASE Research Grant , set out to examine just that. Her project asked a simple yet critical question: Do commonly recommended strategies for parents influence whether a child’s stuttering resolves or persists?  “ Our findings did not support any of these recommendations,” Dr. Bernstein Ratner said. “Parental speech rate, turn-taking, questioning and language sophistication did not differ between parent-child interactions with children who stutter/didn’t stutter, or those who did/did not recover.” Revisiting Data from Families  Dr. Bernstein Ratner’s team analyzed archival recordings from a large federally funded study of 80 families, tracking parent-child interactions over three years. The children included those who stuttered and recovered, those whose stuttering persisted, and children who never stuttered. Every interaction was transcribed and made available through FluencyBank , an open-access research database. Using computer-assisted analysis, Dr. Bernstein Ratner’s team examined key aspects of parent speech: rate, turn-taking, number of questions, and language complexity. The goal was to see whether these factors influenced stuttering outcomes.  “We were able to examine typical components of advice to parents of children who stutter… and determine whether any of these variables appeared to play a role in distinguishing among groups of children, or predicting which children recovered from stuttering, and which did not,” Dr. Bernstein Ratner said. Surprising Insights: What the Research Revealed The results challenged decades of conventional wisdom. None of the commonly recommended changes—speaking more slowly, pausing more, reducing questions, simplifying language—distinguished between children who recovered, persisted, or never stuttered. Parents naturally interacted with their kids in very similar ways across all groups. “This was surprising,” Dr. Bernstein Ratner said, “in light of the long-standing nature of recommendations to parents of children who stutter, dating back many decades.” She notes that even what seem to be simple and benign recommendations can unintentionally create guilt or frustration if they don’t appear to change a child’s stuttering. Why This Changes How We Think About Early Intervention The findings point to a bigger question: are we focusing too much on reducing stuttering itself, rather than supporting children and families in meaningful ways? “If interventions solely aimed at symptoms do NOT substantially change persistence outcomes, we will need to substantially change the focus of our early work with families,” Dr. Bernstein Ratner explained. “Such work would better address managing the impacts of stuttering, rather than the stuttering itself.” Other developmental conditions—like seizure disorders, allergies, tics, and late talking—prioritize management and quality of life over “cure.” Stuttering research may need a similar approach, emphasizing connection, confidence, and coping skills rather than just fluency. Sparking New Research and Conversations in the Field Dr. Bernstein Ratner’s work is already influencing the field. Findings have been published in leading journals, presented at international conferences, and shared with professional communities and families.  “Our results suggest the urgent need for prospective research to validate recommendations that are made to parents of children who stutter,” Dr. Bernstein Ratner said.  The team continues to explore later years of the dataset and is preparing proposals for new federally funded research. Their next big question: Do early interventions aimed only at reducing stuttering frequency meaningfully change long-term outcomes? What Families and Professionals Can Take Away This research reassures families that everyday parenting behaviors are not responsible for a child’s stuttering.  “Even what seem to be simple and benign recommendations… can have undesirable consequences (guilt, frustration) if they do not appear to change a child’s stuttering profile,” Dr. Bernstein Ratner says.  More importantly, it encourages a shift toward interventions and support strategies that focus on well-being, communication confidence, and quality of life—goals that matter far beyond fluency. Hear directly from Dr. Bernstein Ratner in her interview with us at this year’s American Speech and Hearing Association (ASHA) Conference